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Chapter 1: Humans and the Microbial World
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1
The theory that organisms can arise from nonliving matter is called
A)spontaneous generation.
B)biogenesis theory.
C)cell theory.
D)the theory of evolution.
E)none of the above.
2
Which of the following scientists performed experiments to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?
1. Redi
2. Pasteur
3. Hooke
4. Tyndall
5. Leeuwenhoek
A)1,2.
B)1,2,3.
C)1,2,4.
D)1,2,5.
E)all of the above.
3
Which of the following experimental requirements was necessary for Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation?
A)providing a nutrient source that would support microbial growth.
B)providing air.
C)preventing airborne microorganisms from entering the flask.
D)heating the flask to kill any microorganisms that were initially present in the broth.
E)all of the above.
4
The process of using microbes to destroy dangerous chemicals and pollution in the environment is called
A)recombinant DNA technology.
B)biotechnology.
C)bioremediation.
D)microbial transformation.
E)microbial transduction.
5
All of the following are true with regard to bacteria EXCEPT:
A)Some are able to use nitrogen gas in the atmosphere and convert it into a form that can be used by plants and animals.
B)They can break down many materials that no other living organisms can degrade.
C)They can be used to produce useful products that are of commercial value.
D)The majority of bacteria are pathogenic and will cause disease if humans are exposed to them.
E)Some can be genetically engineered to make medically important products such as insulin and growth hormone.
6
Genetic engineering of microorganisms can benefit us in which of the following ways? 1. production of vaccines 2. production of medically important products 3. to engineer plants that are resistant to insects and disease 4. to produce viruses that can deliver genes to correct genetic defects in humans
A)1.
B)1,2.
C)1,2,3.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)2,4.
7
The scientist who introduced a vaccination procedure for smallpox was
A)Hooke.
B)Jenner.
C)Pasteur.
D)Koch.
E)Lister.
8
The scientist who discovered and characterized the first antibiotic (penicillin) was
A)Koch.
B)Pasteur.
C)Lister.
D)Fleming.
E)Griffith.
9
The first disease to be eradicated from the human population of the world was
A)smallpox.
B)bubonic plague.
C)the black death.
D)measles.
E)chickenpox.
10
All of the following are reasons for the current rise in emerging diseases EXCEPT:
A)Expansion from urban to rural areas brings people into closer contact with the animals and microbes that cause these diseases.
B)Changes occurring in the infectious agents that allow them to infect new hosts.
C)Increased travel between continents.
D)Increasing numbers of unvaccinated and therefore susceptible children and adults.
E)All the above are reasons for the increase in emerging diseases.
11
All of the following are true with regard to bacteria EXCEPT:
A)They are single-celled.
B)Most have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose.
C)They do not contain a true nucleus, that is, they are prokaryotes.
D)They multiply by binary fission.
E)Many have flagella for movement.
12
Microbes that are very similar in shape, size and appearance to the bacteria, but able to live and grow in environments of very high salt concentration and temperatures above boiling belong to which of these domains?
A)Prokaryote.
B)Eucarya.
C)Archaea.
D)Animalia.
E)Protozoa.
13
All of the following are true with regard to fungi EXCEPT:
A)They are eukaryotes.
B)Some are single-celled and others are multicellular.
C)Most are photosynthetic and derive their energy from sunlight.
D)Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are examples of fungi.
E)All of the above are true regarding fungi.
14
Organisms that are large, complex, single-celled, lacking a cell wall, and frequently classified by their means of locomotion are
A)bacteria.
B)yeast.
C)viruses.
D)fungi.
E)protozoa.
15
Using the Binomial System of Nomenclature, which of the following is a species name?
A)Escherichia.
B)coli.
C)Streptococcus.
D)Amoeba.
E)all the above.
16
Acellular, non-living agents consisting of a protein coat that surrounds a nucleic acid core are called
A)viruses.
B)prions.
C)prokaryotes.
D)viroids.
E)nucleoproteins.
17
Proteinacious agents that cause a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jacob disease and Mad Cow disease are called
A)viruses.
B)prions.
C)viroids.
D)phages.
E)plasmids.
18
Tapeworms belong to which of the following groups?
A)fungi.
B)protozoa.
C)multicellular parasites.
D)Archaea.
E)prokaryotes.
19
A process in which wine, beer, and milk are heated to destroy microorganisms that cause spoilage and increase the shelf life of these products is called
A)centrifugation.
B)sterilization.
C)pasteurization.
D)autoclaving.
E)polymerization.
20
Which of the following are ways that prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? 1. They usually are much smaller. 2. They lack a nuclear envelope. 3. Most have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. 4. They lack mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles. 5. They lack a cytoskeleton.
A)1,2.
B)1,2,3.
C)1,2,3,4.
D)1,2,3,4,5.
E)1,3.
21
A friend comments to you that all bacteria should be killed to make the world safer. Which of the following would result if such an action were carried out?
A)Certain foods such as cheese could not be made easily.
B)People's bodies would have fewer fungal diseases.
C)There would be no ability to make medicine.
D)People would be free of disease.
E)Plants would be free of disease.
22
Whose invention permitted microbiologists to visually identify microbes?
A)Louis Pasteur.
B)John Tyndall.
C)Anthony van Leeuwenhoek.
D)Robert Koch.
E)John Snow.
23
Which of the following groups of organisms is least likely to cause disease in humans?
A)Bacteria
B)Eucarya
C)Protozoa
D)Fungi
E)Archaea
24
A camper is using a water filter in order to safely drink from a stream. The filter is only able to filter out organisms larger than 1 micron. From which of the following organisms would it most likely protect people?
A)All bacteria and protozoa.
B)Almost all viruses and fungi.
C)All viruses and bacteria.
D)Some bacteria and almost all protozoa.
E)Only viruses.
25
Which of the following is NOT a modern emerging disease?
A)Toxic shock syndrome.
B)Legionnaire's disease.
C)Influenza.
D)AIDS.
E)Lyme disease.





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