Site MapHelpFeedbackChapter 14: Viruses, Prions, and Viroids: Infectious Agents of Animals and Plants
Chapter 14: Viruses, Prions, and Viroids: Infectious Agents of Animals and Plants
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1
The envelope of animal viruses usually
A)is the cytoplasmic membrane from the host cell.
B)is a lipid bilayer.
C)contains host proteins as well as viral proteins.
D)has a matrix protein.
E)all of the above.
2
Virus particles (virions) can exist as
A)icosahedrons.
B)pleiomorphic structures.
C)helical shapes.
D)all of these.
E)none of these
3
Viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae are shaped like
A)a helix.
B)an icosahedron.
C)a bullet.
D)a pleiomorphic sphere.
E)a thread-like filament.
4
Which of the following viruses has a genomic structure made up of a linear single-stranded RNA?
A)Influenza virus.
B)Lassa virus.
C)Ebola virus.
D)reovirus.
E)Hantaan virus.
5
Viruses can be grouped based upon their "route of infection." Which of the following words are used in this manner to describe a group of viruses?
A)enteric viruses.
B)respiratory viruses.
C)sexually-transmitted viruses.
D)bloodborne viruses.
E)All of the above.
6
Which viruses in the list below are naked with a single-stranded DNA genome?
A)Iridoviridae.
B)Coronaviridae.
C)Parvoviridae.
D)Orthomyxoviridae.
E)Togaviridae.
7
A zoonotic infection is
A)an infection that is spread from animals to humans.
B)an infection that is spread from humans to animals.
C)an infection that is spread among non-human animals of different species.
D)an infection of non-human primates.
E)all of the above.
8
The effects of a virus on host cells can be demonstrated in vitro by
A)a plaque assay.
B)the cytopathic effect in cell cultures.
C)direct counting via an electron microscope.
D)hemagglutination in the case of some animal viruses.
E)all of the above.
9
Acute infections differ from persistent infections because
A)persistent infections are usually over (complete) in a few days.
B)persistent infections can continue for many years.
C)acute infections can continue for many years.
D)acute infections are more severe.
E)persistent infections are usually more severe.
10
The process known as attachment in the viral replication cycle is more complex among animal viruses than among phages because
A)specific glycoproteins on the virion must attach to specific receptors on the host cell membrane.
B)specific fibers on the virion must attach to specific fibers on the host cell.
C)animal cells are more complex than bacterial cells.
D)proteins do not project above the surface of the bacterial membrane.
E)all of these are correct.
11
Two methods of viral penetration into the host cell exist among enveloped viruses. Regarding that phenomenon, which of the following statements is correct?
A)The matrix protein of some virions fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell.
B)A fusion protein on the virion of some viruses promotes the fusion of the virus with the host's plasma membrane.
C)The envelope lipids of the virion attach to the lipids of the host plasma membrane and fusion results.
D)The lipid bilayer of both the virion envelope and the cells plasma membrane invert to initiate fusion.
E)none of these.
12
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of a virus to its dependency on host cell enzymes for DNA replication?
A)Small ss DNA viruses replicate with little or no dependency on host cell enzymes.
B)Herpes viruses need the host cell's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
C)Pox viruses are totally dependent on host cell enzymes.
D)Adenoviruses require codes for proteins to initiate DNA synthesis.
E)Polyomaviruses code for a protein that starts DNA synthesis, but depends on the host for the rest of the replication of its DNA.
13
The degradation of host cells in culture (cytopathic effect) at the end of the virus replicative cycle is sometimes a result of
A)the release of degradative enzymes by the virus.
B)the loss of plasma cell membrane function.
C)the release of degradative enzymes from cellular lysosomes.
D)the systematic destruction of the plasma membrane by the virus.
E)the loss of cytoplasmic ATP by the cell.
14
A persistent viral infection is one in which
A)the virus replicates continually within a population of mammals.
B)the host continues to support the replication of the virus, but not its release.
C)the virus stops replicating and integrates into the cellular RNA.
D)the virus is always present in the host and is released from the host cell by budding.
E)The virus is always present in the host and is released from the host cell by lysis.
15
Persistent infections can be categorized as
A)chronic and latent.
B)acute and reminiscent.
C)reminiscent and slow.
D)slow and replicative.
E)residual and chronic.
16
The replicative cycle of bacteriophages differs from the replicative cycle of animal viruses in that
A)among the phages only nucleic acid enters the cell.
B)the capsid of phages does not fuse with the host cell membrane.
C)during lytic infection the phage codes for lytic enzymes which lyse the cell.
D)budding is rare among phages.
E)all of these.
17
A "slow virus infection" is one in which
A)virus attachment to the plasma membrane is delayed.
B)the virus requires many years to complete its replicative cycle.
C)the release of virus from the cell is limited by the host.
D)the lysis of the host cell is slower than normal.
E)the virus lacks the enzyme completase, which would allow it to leave the host.
18
Herpes simples virus 1 causes a disease called ________ and Epstein-Barr virus can cause a recurrent disease called __________.
A)genital herpes ...... shingles.
B)shingles ...... oral herpes.
C)oral herpes ...... Burkitt's lymphoma.
D)genital herpes ...... Burkitt's lymphoma.
E)cytomegalic inclusion disease ...... genital herpes.
19
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme
A)coded by the host cell DNA to help the virus produce its DNA.
B)that converts ss viral RNA into complementary DNA.
C)that reverses the process of viral DNA transcription.
D)that translates RNA into more RNA sequences.
E)none of these.
20
For many years it was believed that viruses were associated with tumor formation. Now we know that
A)tumors are a result of proto-oncogenes, but viruses are not associated with tumors.
B)only one type of virus can induce cell transformation and lead to tumor formation.
C)although SV-40 was initially reported to induce formation of tumors, it does not do so.
D)Oncogenes code for enzymes that induce tumor formation. The oncogenes are found in viral nucleic acids.
E)Oncogenes are sequences of nucleic acid that are unique to humans, so only humans get cancer.
21
Some viruses can undergo a process where the nucleic acid of one virus is surrounded by the capsid of another virus. This process is called _______ and only occurs in _________-______ cells.
A)masking; single-process.
B)exchange; monolayer-culture.
C)transpeptidation; multiply-infected.
D)transcapsidation; single-process.
E)transcapsidation; multiply-infected.
22
Why is it difficult for scientists to predict the host-specificity of prions?
A)They are too small to study.
B)They have no RNA.
C)They have no DNA.
D)They do not enter cells the same way that viruses enter cells.
E)They have no envelope.
23
A pharmaceutical company recently developed a nose spray containing the host cell receptors used for absorption by rhinoviruses. How does this spray reduce the incidence of respiratory infections caused by rhinoviruses?
A)It reduces the chance of the virus binding to host cells.
B)It stimulates an immune response against the virus.
C)It prevents the virus from exiting host cells.
D)It prevents the virus from replicating its nucleic acid in the host cells.
E)It denatures the virus.
24
A disinfectant that degrades lipids would be most effective against the spread of which types of viruses?
A)Reoviruses
B)Polioviruses
C)Coronaviruses
D)Rhinoviruses
E)Papillomaviruses.
25
Which would be an effective strategy for reducing the spread of viruses in crop plants?
A)Watering crops with sterile water.
B)Spraying crops with insecticides.
C)Spraying crops with disinfectants.
D)Sterilizing farm machinery.
E)Burning the soil after each growing season.





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