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Chapter 17: Applications of Immune Responses
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1
Which of the following statements about smallpox is FALSE?
A)Powdered scabs from smallpox patients were used to induce immunity as early as 1,000 A.D.
B)Smallpox killed or left scars on most of its victims.
C)Edward Jenner used material from cowpox lesions to vaccinate against smallpox.
D)Smallpox only infects humans.
E)All statements are true.
2
Which of the following statements about vaccinia virus is FALSE?
A)Vaccinia virus has been genetically engineered to make experimental vaccines.
B)Vaccinia virus causes smallpox.
C)The origin of the vaccinia virus that we now have is uncertain.
D)Vaccinia virus may be a hybrid of cowpox and smallpox viruses.
E)All statements are true.
3
An effective vaccine against smallpox has been available since before 1796, yet smallpox was not officially declared eradicated until
A)960 A.D.
B)1977.
C)1979.
D)2000.
E)possibly sometime in the future.
4
The change from negative serum without specific antibodies to serum positive for specific antibodies is called
A)Immunoassay.
B)Serology.
C)Immunochange.
D)Seroconversion.
E)Immunoconversion.
5
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)It takes at least 7-10 days to produce detectable antibodies against an antigen.
B)Blood can be tested for either antibodies or antigens.
C)Thin sections of tissue are most commonly used to test for the presence of antigens.
D)Serial dilutions are used to determine the amount of antibodies in a serum sample.
E)All of the above are true.
6
Which of the following statements about monoclonal antibodies is FALSE?
A)They are specific for one epitope.
B)They are produced by cells that replicate for a limited time.
C)They are produced by hybridomas.
D)They are of the same immunoglobulin class and have the same variable regions.
E)All of the above are true.
7
Precipitation reactions require
A)excess antigen.
B)excess antibody.
C)an optimal proportion of antibodies and antigen.
D)complement.
E)double diffusion gel.
8
Which of the following accurately describes possible results of immunoelectrophoresis?
A)A line of precipitate forms at the location of antigen that is recognized by antibodies.
B)A line of precipitate forms where each antigen meets an antibody in the area of optimal proportions.
C)A person that lacks immunoglobulins will have not lines of precipitation with anti-human antibodies.
D)A myeloma patient will have a heavy thick line for a single class of immunoglobulin.
E)All are correct.
9
Which of the following statements about agglutination is FALSE?
A)Agglutination reactions are easier to see than precipitation reactions.
B)Hemagglutination inhibition assays can be used to detect antibodies against viruses that cause hemagglutination.
C)Agglutination reactions involve large particles.
D)In indirect agglutination tests, antibodies are first attached to latex beads or other particles.
E)All of the above are correct.
10
All of the following tests involve antigens fixed to a solid support except
A)ELISA.
B)Western blot.
C)Indirect fluorescent antibody test.
D)Complement fixation test.
E)All of the above.
11
The principle clinical use for which of the following assays is the identification of antibodies against HIV?
A)Radioallergosorbent test.
B)Indirect fluorescent antibody test.
C)Western blot.
D)Complement fixation test.
E)Direct agglutination test.
12
Which of the following techniques uses a laser beam?
A)ELISA.
B)Fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
C)RIA.
D)Western blot.
E)All of the above.
13
What type of immunity is induced by the hepatitis B vaccine?
A)naturally acquired active immunity.
B)naturally acquired passive immunity.
C)artificially acquired active immunity.
D)artificially acquired passive immunity.
E)none of the above.
14
Which of the following statements about attenuated vaccines is FALSE?
A)They are used to protect against chickenpox, mumps, measles, and rubella.
B)They are not safe for pregnant women.
C)They may revert to virulent strains.
D)If given orally they may induce mucosal immunity.
E)All of the above are correct.
15
Inactivated whole agent vaccines are used to protect against all of the following diseases except
A)cholera.
B)plague.
C)tetanus.
D)anthrax.
E)hepatitis A.
16
Which of the following types of vaccines does not usually require repeated booster doses?
A)inactivated whole agent.
B)subunit.
C)attenuated.
D)recombinant.
E)toxoid.
17
Vaccines are currently under development for all of the following except:
A)HIV.
B)cancer.
C)hepatitis B.
D)genital herpes.
E)All of the above.
18
All of the following are promising new types of vaccines currently under development except:
A)edible vaccines.
B)DNA vaccines.
C)peptide vaccines.
D)antibiotic vaccines.
E)All of the above
19
All of the following are tests for humoral immunity except:
A)mitogen test.
B)precipitation test.
C)agglutination test.
D)immunofluorescence test.
E)Western blot.
20
Which of the following statements about monoclonal antibodies is FALSE?
A)They have the same constant region.
B)They are used in pregnancy tests.
C)They have the same variable regions.
D)They are naturally produced by an animal in response to immunization with a single antigen.
E)Monoclonal antibodies from a mouse are recognized as foreign proteins by humans.
21
A new viroid disease, coined Mad Deer Disease, is believed to be causing a deadly illness in deer. Unfortunately, due the nature of the disease, few if any antibodies are produced by infected animals. What technique are researchers most likely to use to confirm the viroid as the cause of disease in deer?
A)Microscopic observation of tissues.
B)ELISA
C)Complement fixation test
D)Agglutination reaction
E)Immunoelectrophoresis
22
A study shows that experienced teachers are less likely than new teachers to get sick from ill children. What is the most probable explanation for this observation?
A)New teachers are younger and get more childhood illnesses.
B)Experienced teachers develop better innate immunity.
C)Experienced teachers become ill less often because they are less stressed.
D)New teachers are less likely to be vaccinated against diseases.
E)Experienced teachers have gained a strong immune system through regular natural immunization.
23
Why is passive immunization of rabies preferred over active immunization?
A)Passive immunization lasts longer.
B)The rabies virus cannot be made into a vaccine.
C)Passive immunizations are less expensive.
D)Active vaccines could accidentally produce the fatal disease.
E)Active vaccines do not produce antibodies.
24
Early pregnancy tests used an immunoprecipitation reaction to determine pregnancy. Which of the following is most likely true about the rationale for developing the test?
A)Scientists found an antibody produced only in pregnant women.
B)Scientists produced an antibody against an antigen produced during pregnancy.
C)Scientists discovered a disease always associated with pregnancy.
D)Scientists learned that pregnant women have a more active immune system.
E)Scientists learned that pregnant women have a less active immune system.
25
Agricultural biotechnology companies are vying to develop a variety of plants that produce edible vaccines against cattle diseases. Critics have many arguments against using feed to vaccinate animals. One major argument presented by veterinarians would probably be:
A)Animals would eventually be unable to fight off the disease naturally.
B)The vaccine would be digested before it works.
C)It would be hard to detect animals that are infected from animals that are vaccinated.
D)It would not produce mucosal protection.
E)The vaccines can produce the disease in cattle.





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