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Chapter 26: Nervous System Infections
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1
When an infection involves the brain and the meninges, it is called
A)encephalitis.
B)meningitis.
C)meningoencephalitis.
D)cephalitis.
E)cerebromeningitis.
2
All of the following are true with regard to CNS infections EXCEPT:
A)The chief source of CNS infections is by bacteria invading from the bloodstream.
B)Harmful agents are usually prevented from entering the brain because of the blood-brain barrier.
C)Pathogens can gain entrance to the CNS via peripheral nerves, the blood, and from the sinuses of the skull.
D)The normal flora of the CNS protects it from most pathogens.
E)All the above are true.
3
Which of the following species of bacteria is most likely to be involved in epidemics of meningitis among people in crowded, stressed conditions?
A)Neisseria meningitidis.
B)Hemophilus influenzae.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Listeria monocytogenes.
E)Streptococcus agalactiae.
4
All of the following are true with regard to meningococcal meningitis EXCEPT:
A)Humans are the only source of the infection.
B)People can be carriers without getting the disease themselves.
C)A vaccine is available for this form of meningitis.
D)Even if treated, the mortality rate is greater than 60%.
E)The bacteria enter the bloodstream from the upper respiratory tract.
5
All of the following are true regarding meningitis caused by H. influenzae type b EXCEPT:
A)Symptoms include fever, stiff neck, and elevated white blood cell count.
B)Cerebrospinal fluid would contain large numbers of white blood cells.
C)If treated the mortality is about 5%.
D)About 33% of people treated for the infection will have some damage to the nervous system.
E)The peak incidence of this form of meningitis is in adolescents and young adults.
6
Which of the following are TRUE with regard to listeriosis?
1. It is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes that sometimes can progress to meningitis.
2. Mode of entry is usually through the digestive system.
3. In pregnant women the bacteria can cross the placenta to infect the fetus.
4. Listeria monocytogenes is very rare. In the majority of cases, if it is ingested it will cause severe symptoms and disease.
5. Coleslaw, milk, soft cheeses and hot dogs are foods that can be contaminated.
A)1,2.
B)1,3,5.
C)1,2,3.
D)1,2,3,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
7
All of the following are true with regard to leprosy EXCEPT:
A)It is also called Hansen's disease.
B)It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
C)The earliest detectable signs of infection is in the small nerves of the skin.
D)Transmission of the disease is usually by body lice.
E)The source of the bacteria is mainly the nasal secretions from someone suffering from leprosy.
8
Which of the following is NOT TRUE with regard to botulism?
A)It is caused by Clostridium botulinum.
B)Early symptoms include blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting.
C)The bacteria produce endospores that can persist and grow in food even if boiled.
D)Death is usually due to paralysis from generalized muscle contractions.
E)Disease is caused by a neurotoxin that is one of the most powerful poisons known.
9
Which of the following is TRUE with regard to viral meningitis?
A)It is much rarer than bacterial meningitis.
B)Like bacterial meningitis, it is usually severe and life-threatening.
C)Symptoms include severe fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity of eyes, nausea and vomiting.
D)The majority of the cases are caused by large DNA viruses like herpes simplex.
E)Like bacterial meningitis, there are many cells in the cerebrospinal fluid with a high percentage of PMNs.
10
All of the following are true with regard to enterovirus infections EXCEPT:
A)They account for a large number of cases of viral meningitis.
B)They usually infect the throat and the intestinal epithelium and can enter the bloodstream which carries them to the brain.
C)They can sometimes survive in chlorinated swimming pools.
D)They are transmitted by fecal-oral route.
E)Transmission of enterovirus is usually spring to early summer.
11
Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding viral encephalitis?
A)It is much more likely than viral meningitis to cause death and disability.
B)It can be sporadic or epidemic in nature.
C)The sporadic form is usually due to herpes simplex virus.
D)Most people recover, but have some permanent neurologic impairment.
E)All the above are true.
12
All of the following are true with regard to epidemic viral encephalitis EXCEPT:
A)It is usually caused by arboviruses that can be transmitted by insects, mites, and ticks.
B)The leading causes of epidemic viral encephalitis in the U.S. are transmitted primarily by mosquitoes.
C)The viruses travel via peripheral nerves to reach the CNS.
D)Only a minority of those infected develop encephalitis.
E)The very young and the elderly tend to suffer the greatest complications.
13
Which of the following are TRUE with regard to polio?
1. It is caused by bacteria.
2. The disease involves the destruction of motor neurons to skeletal muscle.
3. In severe cases, respiratory failure and death occur.
4. Transmission occurs by ingestion into the gastrointestinal tract.
5. The Salk and Sabin vaccines are effective at preventing polio.
A)1,2,3,5.
B)2,3,5.
C)2,3,4,5.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
14
Which of the following symptoms occur in rabies?
A)tingling or twitching sensation at the site of viral entry.
B)hydrophobia.
C)coma.
D)hallucinations.
E)all the above.
15
Which of the following is NOT TRUE with regard to rabies?
A)It is caused by the rabies virus.
B)It is transmitted by the saliva and bite from a rabid animal.
C)It is possible to be infected by inhaling aerosols containing the virus.
D)The virus enters the blood and travels to the CNS via the bloodstream.
E)Wounds on the face or closer to the head have a shorter incubation period than those on the feet and ankles.
16
For which of the following diseases is there an available vaccine?
1. polio
2. botulism
3. Hemophilus influenzae type b
4. meningococcal meningitis
5. listeriosis
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,3,4.
C)1,3,4.
D)1,2,3,4,5.
E)1,3,4,5.
17
Which of the following diseases are caused by viruses? 1. Meningitis 2. Hanson's disease 3. rabies 4. Eastern Equine Encephalitis 5. cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
A)1,2,3.
B)1,3,5.
C)1,3,4.
D)1,3,4,5.
E)1,4,5.
18
Which of the following fungal diseases was uncommon, but is now occurring with much greater frequency in people suffering from AIDS?
A)listeriosis.
B)bacterial meningitis.
C)cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
D)primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
E)spongiform encephalopathy.
19
African sleeping sickness is caused by which of the following organisms?
A)Naegleria fowleri.
B)C. Neoformans.
C)Trypanosoma brucei.
D)Giardia lamblia.
E)Tsetse fly.
20
All of the following are TRUE with regard to the spongiform encephalopathies EXCEPT:
A)They are named because of the characteristic spongy appearance of the brain due to loss of neurons.
B)The incubation period is very long, usually years to decades.
C)Human to human transmission has occurred from corneal transplants and contaminated surgical instruments.
D)They are caused by prions.
E)There is an intense inflammatory response to the infection.
21
Public health officials noted a sudden localized outbreak of encephalitis in a rural community located in a swampy area. The outbreak occurred in late spring and correlated with an unusually large number of mosquitoes in the area. Which of the following is the most probable type of meningitis?
A)Meningococcal meningitis.
B)Viral meningitis.
C)Venereal meningitis.
D)Hemophilus meningitis.
E)Viral encephalitis.
22
People who are just recovering from listeriosis can still spread the disease although they feel healthy enough to return to work. What type of job should people with listeriosis avoid until they are totally recovered?
A)A job that involves handling food.
B)A job that requires contact with children.
C)A job involving contact with pregnant women.
D)All of the above should be avoided.
E)All of the above jobs are safe to perform.
23
College students planning to stay in group housing need to be vaccinated against the following disease.
A)Listeriosis.
B)Meningococcal meningitis.
C)Hansen's disease.
D)Viral encephalitis.
E)Rabies.
24
Some states are trying to eradicate rabies by providing wildlife with food containing rabies vaccine. What would be the most prudent type of animal to focus on in using this strategy to reduce rabies?
A)Field mice.
B)Bears.
C)Eagles.
D)Raccoons.
E)None of the above would be a good animal to target.
25
Which of the following strategies is the best way to reduce the probability of mad cow disease in cattle raising operations?
A)Avoid giving cattle food containing animal parts.
B)Heat all food before feeding to cattle.
C)Ensure that cattle do not share drinking water.
D)Give cows only organically grown feed.
E)Avoid feeding cattle calcium in the feed.





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