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Chapter 6: Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
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1
Knowledge of microbial metabolism is useful to humans for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A)Many bacterial products are commercially or medically important.
B)Bacteria can be useful in the production of food such as cheeses.
C)Waste products that are produced by bacteria can be useful in identifying them clinically.
D)Studying microbial metabolism has been useful in helping to understand similar pathways in eukaryotes.
E)All the above are true.
2
The use of energy to synthesize large molecules from smaller molecules is called
A)metabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)catabolism.
D)exergonic.
E)entropy.
3
A metabolic process that consists of a sequential series of reactions is called a/an
A)biosynthetic process.
B)metabolic pathway.
C)endergonic process.
D)anabolism.
E)feedback inhibition.
4
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT TRUE?
A)They increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction.
B)They increase the rate of reactions by raising the activation energy for the reaction.
C)The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called the substrate.
D)The substance produced after a chemical reaction is called the end product.
E)Without enzymes, chemical reactions in the body would occur too slowly or not at all.
5
Which of the following is true with regard to ATP? 1. It is the energy currency of the cells 2. It is composed of deoxyribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups 3. The bond between the last two phosphate groups is a high-energy bond 4. When ATP is hydrolyzed it produces ADP and P 5. Cells can use ADP and P to reform ATP
A)1,2,3.
B)1,3,4.
C)2,3,4.
D)1,3,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
6
Which of the following processes utilize the energy of the proton motive force to synthesize ATP? 1. Photophosphorylation 2. substrate level phosphorylation 3. oxidative phosphorylation 4. catabolic phosphorylation 5. anaerobic phosphorylation
A)1,2.
B)1,2,3.
C)1,3.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
7
Which of the following molecules function as electron carriers that oxidize the energy source? 1. ADP 2. ATP 3. NAD+ 4. FAD 5. NADP+
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,3,4.
C)3,4,5.
D)2,3,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
8
The most common pathway that begins the breakdown of sugars is
A)the Kreb's cycle.
B)the electron transport system.
C)glycolysis.
D)tricarboxylic acid cycle.
E)the oxidative phosphorylation.
9
In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is which of the following?
A)lactic acid.
B)pyruvic acid.
C)NAD+.
D)FAD.
E)oxygen.
10
Which of the following statements about fermentation are TRUE? 1. It is a form of aerobic respiration. 2. It results in the partial oxidation of glucose. 3. It produces relatively few ATP molecules. 4. It always uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor. 5. Reactions occur within mitochondria.
A)1,2,3.
B)2,3,4.
C)3,4,5.
D)1,2,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
11
All of the following are true with regard to enzymes EXCEPT:
A)The part of the enzyme that binds with the substrate is called the active site.
B)Binding of the substrate causes a change in the active site shape called an induced fit.
C)In most cases, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are irreversible.
D)Enzyme interaction with substrate is very specific. Many enzymes can bind with only a single substrate.
E)Occasionally there are two enzymes that can bind the same substrate.
12
A site on an enzyme that is separate from the active site and that alters the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate when it is bound with an effector is called a(n)
A)coenzyme.
B)cofactor.
C)allosteric site.
D)feedback site.
E)retroactive site.
13
When the end product of a biosynthetic pathway allosterically inhibits the first enzyme of the pathway it is called
A)end product inhibition.
B)feedback inhibition.
C)allosterism.
D)allosteric regulation.
E)end product allosterism.
14
Enzyme inhibition in which the inhibitor binds with the active site of the enzyme thereby preventing the binding of normal substrate to the active site is called
A)allosteric inhibition.
B)competitive inhibition.
C)noncompetitive inhibition.
D)uncompetitive inhibition.
E)feedback inhibition.
15
Which of the following factors influence the level of enzyme activity? 1. substrate concentration 2. temperature 3. pH 4. salt concentration 5. presence of a cofactor
A)1,2,3.
B)2,3,4.
C)1,2,4.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5
16
All of the following about glycolysis are true EXCEPT:
A)It is a pathway that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.
B)It is used in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
C)It generates 36 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
D)ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation.
E)In addition to ATP, NADH is also formed.
17
Which of the following substances are produced in the TCA cycle (Kreb's cycle)?
1. carbon dioxide
2. NADH
3. FADH2
4. ATP 5. lactic acid
A)1,2,4.
B)2,3,4.
C)1,2,3.
D)1,2,3,4.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
18
All of the following are true with regard to the electron transport chain EXCEPT:
A)In prokaryotes, it is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B)It receives high energy electrons from the Kreb's cycle.
C)It produces a chemiosmotic gradient or proton motive force that is used in the synthesis of ATP.
D)It produces much more ATP per glucose molecule than does glycolysis.
E)It produces 3 ATP for each NADH and 2 ATP for each FADH2.
19
Which of the following organic compounds are degraded into two-carbon fragments that enter the TCA cycle in a process called beta-oxidation?
A)monosaccharides.
B)polysaccharides.
C)fatty acids.
D)proteins.
E)amino acids.
20
Which of the following molecules are end products of anaerobic metabolism or fermentation? 1. lactic acid 2. ethanol 3. water 4. carbon dioxide 5. propionic acid
A)1,2,3.
B)1,2,4.
C)1,2,5.
D)1,2,4,5.
E)1,2,3,4,5.
21
Humans and bacteria share the following metabolic feature(s).
A)Glycolysis.
B)Fermentation.
C)TCA cycle.
D)Electron transport chain.
E)All of the above.
22
The most effective way to control the growth of an anaerobic microbe would be to find a toxin that blocks which of the following metabolic activities?
A)Glycolysis.
B)TCA cycle.
C)Electron transport chain.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.
23
A researcher wishes to control the growth of bacteria on stored potatoes. She wants to do this by spraying the potatoes with a chemical that blocks the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate in bacteria. Which of the following explains why the treatment will only prove to be partially successful?
A)The bacteria convert the glucose directly to fructose 6-phosphate.
B)The bacteria convert the glucose directly to pyruvate.
C)The bacteria metabolize lipids for energy.
D)The bacteria metabolize starch for energy.
E)All of the above are correct.
24
Which microbial metabolism would be effective in taking up carbon dioxide pollution contributing to global climate change?
A)Photosynthesis.
B)Respiration.
C)Fermentation.
D)Anabolism.
E)Nitrification.
25
Newly made blue jeans are stiff because of the large amounts of starch used in the fabric. The starch is added to make the fabric easier to cut and sew. However, it also makes the material difficult to wear comfortably. Some microbiologists came up with a way of using microbial enzymes to remove the starch before the blue jeans are sold. Which of the following enzymes would be effective at removing the starch?
A)Lipase.
B)Cellulase.
C)Amylase.
D)Protease.
E)Lactase.





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