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Chapter 8: Bacterial Genetics
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1
Barbara McClintock won the Nobel Prize for her discovery of
A)the structure of DNA.
B)corn viruses.
C)transposable elements.
D)chemical mutagens.
E)antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
2
A bacterial cell that requires a growth factor to grow is called
A)a prokaryote.
B)a prototroph.
C)an allele.
D)an auxotroph.
E)a phenotype.
3
Which of the following statements about mutations is FALSE?
A)The mutation rate for a particular gene is between 10-4 and 10-12.
B)All mutations lead to changes in the phenotype of the cell.
C)All mutations lead to changes in the genotype of the cell.
D)Mutations are stable.
E)Actually, all of the statements above are correct.
4
A mutation in a gene that leads to a product that is partially functional is called a
A)silent mutation.
B)reversion mutation.
C)frameshift mutation.
D)spontaneous mutation.
E)leaky mutation.
5
Which one of the following mutagens causes frameshift mutations?
A)azidothymidine.
B)ethidium bromide.
C)nitrosoguanidine.
D)transposons.
E)5-bromouracil.
6
Which one of the following mutagens causes the formation of thymine dimers?
A)azidothymidine
B)ethidium bromide.
C)nitrous acid.
D)ultraviolet light.
E)X-rays.
7
All of the following mutagens cause base substitutions except
A)5-bromouracil.
B)ethidium bromide.
C)nitrous acid.
D)ultraviolet light.
E)X-rays.
8
Every 24 hours, the DNA in every cell in the human body is spontaneously damaged
A)fewer than 10 times.
B)fewer than 100 times.
C)more than 100 times.
D)more than 1,000 times.
E)more than 10,000 times.
9
If there is a mistake in DNA synthesis, how does the cell distinguish the newly synthesized DNA from the template strand?
A)alkylation.
B)intercalation.
C)methylation.
D)phosphorylation.
E)photoactivation.
10
If the DNA is heavily damaged, what repair mechanism will the cell likely use?
A)SOS repair.
B)dark repair.
C)light repair.
D)mismatch repair.
E)excision repair.
11
The reason why penicillin-resistant cells will take over a population if the cells are grown in the presence of penicillin is
A)adaptation.
B)natural selection.
C)tolerance.
D)homologous recombination.
E)None of the above.
12
Replica plating would be very useful in isolating
A)auxotrophic mutants.
B)conditional lethal mutants.
C)temperature-sensitive mutants.
D)All of the above.
13
The transfer of bacterial DNA by a virus is called
A)transduction.
B)transformation.
C)translocation.
D)transgenic.
E)transfusion.
14
Which of the following statements about transformation is FALSE?
A)Transformation requires contact between donor and recipient cells.
B)Some bacterial cells are naturally competent.
C)Double-stranded DNA binds to the surface of recipient cells.
D)Double-stranded DNA enters the recipient cell.
E)A single strand of donor DNA hydrogen bonds to a homologous region of recipient DNA.
15
Which of the following statements about conjugation is FALSE?
A)Conjugation requires contact between donor and recipient cells.
B)The sex pili of donor cells bind to specific sites on recipient cells.
C)A single strand of the F plasmid enters the recipient cell.
D)Plasmids that are self-transmissable carry genes for pilus synthesis and DNA mobilization.
E)All of the statements above are correct.
16
Which of the following statements about plasmids is FALSE?
A)The number of copies of plasmids per cell varies with different plasmids.
B)Most prokaryotes contain one or more plasmids.
C)All plasmids are replicons.
D)Most plasmids can multiply in only one species of bacteria.
E)All of the above are correct.
17
Which of the following statements about R plasmids is FALSE?
A)R plasmids are commonly found in bacteria isolated in the hospital.
B)R plasmids usually encode resistance to more than one antimicrobial medication.
C)R plasmids are usually narrow host range plasmids.
D)R plasmids may code for resistance to heavy metals.
E)R plasmids code for resistance genes and resistance transfer factor.
18
How do bacteria prevent the destruction of their own DNA by restriction enzymes?
A)Their DNA does not carry the recognition sequence.
B)Their DNA is alkylated.
C)Their DNA is methylated.
D)Their DNA is protected by the binding of transposase.
E)All bacterial DNA is resistant to restriction enzymes.
19
What are the components of the simplest kind of transposon?
A)an inverted repeat and an insertion sequence.
B)two insertion sequences.
C)two inverted repeats and the gene encoding transposase
D)two insertion sequences flanking an antimicrobial resistance gene.
E)two inverted repeats, the gene encoding transposase and an antimicrobial resistance gene.
20
The study of the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their interactions is called
A)functional genomics.
B)genomics.
C)genbank.
D)proteomics.
E)None of the above.
21
A researcher noted in a bacterium that there were more mutations in stretches of DNA having higher proportions of thymine than the other bases. Which is the most probable explanation for this observation?
A)Thymine is easily converted to uracil by mutagens.
B)The other bases are not prone to mutation.
C)Thymine mutations cannot be repaired by the SOS system.
D)Thymine dimers are more likely to form in those stretches.
E)Most mutagens do not alter thymine.
22
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between natural selection and mutation?
A)Natural selection creates mutations.
B)Mutations assist natural selection.
C)Mutations produce natural selection.
D)Natural selection does not rely on mutations.
E)None of the above are true.
23
Which of the following best explains why Bruce Ames added a rat liver step to his mutagen testing?
A)It better modeled how carcinogens act in the body.
B)The rat liver extracts increased the mutation rate in the bacteria.
C)Rat liver cells detected the mutagens.
D)The rat liver produces histidine.
E)None of the above are correct.
24
A graduate student in a microbiology lab is very interested in studying how genetic information relates to the function of a gene. Which of the following career paths would be best for her to pursue?
A)Proteomics.
B)Gene banking.
C)Genetic engineering.
D)Metabolomics.
E)Functional genomics.
25
A researcher discovered a mutation in bacteria that causes rapid degradation of the bacterial DNA. Which of the following provides the best explanation of the mutation?
A)Restriction enzyme function was hindered by the mutation.
B)The mutation increased DNA methylation.
C)Methylation of the bacterial DNA was decreased by the mutation.
D)The mutation disabled SOS repair.
E)Thymine dimers were not repaired as a result of the mutation.





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