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| 1 | |
This cartilage, seen more prominently in men than women, is part of the structural framework of the larynx and is called the Adam's Apple: (p. 848) |
| | A) | thyroid cartilage |
| | B) | cricoid cartilage |
| | C) | arytenoid cartilage |
| | D) | corniculate cartilage |
| | E) | cuneiform cartilages |
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| 2 | |
Breathing in as much air as possible (after normal tidal expiration) is termed: (p. 858, table 22.2) |
| | A) | tidal inspiration |
| | B) | inspiratory capacity |
| | C) | inspiratory reserve volume |
| | D) | total lung volume |
| | E) | functional residual capacity |
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| 3 | |
Tachypnea refers to (p. 859 table 22.3) |
| | A) | normal, relaxed quiet breathing |
| | B) | labored, gasping breathing |
| | C) | temporary cessation of breathing |
| | D) | difficulty breathing when lying down |
| | E) | accelerated respiration and breathing |
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| 4 | |
All of the following will promote oxygen unloading by increasing the synthesis of BPG except: (p. 869) |
| | A) | growth hormone |
| | B) | thyroxine |
| | C) | calcium |
| | D) | testosterone |
| | E) | epinephrine |
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| 5 | |
Expanding the chest wall and lowering the diaphragm will cause inspiration (p. 855) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Opening and closing of the vestibular folds of the larynx occurs during speech. (p. 848) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The main direct stimulus to pulmonary ventilation is H+ in the cerebrospinal fluid, not the concentration of CO2 in the blood. (pp. 870-871) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The lateral wall of the nasal fossa has three bony projections called the |
| | A) | nasal conchae. |
| | B) | nasal septum. |
| | C) | ala nasi. |
| | D) | vomer. |
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| 9 | |
The nasopharynx is lined with _____________ epithelium, while the oropharynx is lined with ____________ epithelium. |
| | A) | simple squamous, transitional |
| | B) | transitional, simple squamous |
| | C) | pseudostratified, stratified squamous |
| | D) | stratified squamous, pseudostratified |
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| 10 | |
The Adam's apple is part of which laryngeal cartilage? |
| | A) | epiglottis |
| | B) | thyroid |
| | C) | cricoid |
| | D) | corniculate |
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| 11 | |
Complete cartilagenous rings support the trachea, keeping the airway open. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following is not part of the left lung? |
| | A) | cardiac notch |
| | B) | superior lobe |
| | C) | middle lobe |
| | D) | inferior lobe |
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| 13 | |
The smallest inhaled particles are trapped by |
| | A) | nasal vibrissae. |
| | B) | mucus of upper respiratory tract. |
| | C) | mucus of bronchi. |
| | D) | alveolar macrophages. |
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| 14 | |
Visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
If the intrapulmonary pressure drops, exhalation will occur. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
In cool weather, our respiratory system warms the inhaled air, increasing its volume and helping to inflate the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Expiration requires more energy than required by inspiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following does not cause an increased resistance to airflow? |
| | A) | bronchoconstriction |
| | B) | pulmonary fibrosis |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | anaphylactic shock |
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| 19 | |
Surfactant increases surface tension in the alveoli. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
The vital capacity of the lungs equals the total lung capacity minus tidal volume. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
Which of the following is not part of the medulla oblongata? |
| | A) | pneumotaxic center |
| | B) | inspiratory neurons |
| | C) | inspiratory center |
| | D) | ventral respiratory group |
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| 23 | |
The respiratory centers receive afferent input from the |
| | A) | blood chemoreceptors. |
| | B) | limbic system. |
| | C) | vagus nerve. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Since 1 atmosphere of pressure equals 760 mmHg, which gas has a partial pressure of about 160 mmHg in inspired air? |
| | A) | N2 |
| | B) | O2 |
| | C) | H2O |
| | D) | CO2 |
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| 25 | |
The transport of CO2 in the blood occurs chiefly in which of the following forms? |
| | A) | dissolved gas |
| | B) | HbCO2 |
| | C) | carbonic acid |
| | D) | HbCO |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following is not an important factor in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues? |
| | A) | Bohr effect |
| | B) | BPG |
| | C) | carbonic anhydrase |
| | D) | Haldane effect |
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| 27 | |
The primary factor affecting chemoreceptors of blood gases is |
| | A) | CO2. |
| | B) | O2. |
| | C) | pH. |
| | D) | CO. |
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| 28 | |
Blood levels of CO2 are directly proportional to H+ levels because of the carbonic acid reaction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
Hypoxia caused by inadequate gas exchange is classified as |
| | A) | histotoxic hypoxia. |
| | B) | anemic hypoxia. |
| | C) | ischemic hypoxia. |
| | D) | hypoxemic hypoxia. |
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| 30 | |
Decreased bronchial ciliary action, increased mucus production, alveolar macrophage disruption, chronic infection, emphysema, and cancer are all associated with smoking. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
The most common lung cancer (characterized by keratin tissue replacing lung tissue) is |
| | A) | squamous cell carcinoma. |
| | B) | adenocarcinoma. |
| | C) | oat cell carcinoma. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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| 32 | |
This is the most correct sequence of air passage from the nose to the alveoli: |
| | A) | nasopharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchia > bronchiole |
| | B) | mouth > larynx > pharynx > trachea > bronchia |
| | C) | oropharynx > larynx > pharynx > bronchia > trachea |
| | D) | nasopharynx > larynx > bronchia > trachea > bronchiole |
| | E) | mouth > larynx > trachea > bronchia > hilum |
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| 33 | |
Surfactant is secreted in the: |
| | A) | terminal bronchioles |
| | B) | trachea |
| | C) | olfactory epithelium |
| | D) | respiratory bronchioles |
| | E) | alveoli |
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| 34 | |
Of the following, which best describes the function of the cartilaginous rings? |
| | A) | provide a mucociliary escalator |
| | B) | secrete surfactant to keep alveoli open |
| | C) | produce sounds when air passes between them |
| | D) | keep food and drink out of the airway |
| | E) | keep airway open during inhalation |
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| 35 | |
Pleural fluid is important for all of these reasons except: |
| | A) | reduces cohesion of water molecules |
| | B) | lubricates pleural cavity |
| | C) | helps to create pressure gradient |
| | D) | assists in inflation of lungs |
| | E) | allows for compartmentalization of thorax |
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| 36 | |
As the thoracic cavity expands, the: |
| | A) | intrapulmonary pressure increases |
| | B) | intrapleural pressure falls |
| | C) | alveolar pressure rises |
| | D) | intrapleural pressure remains constant |
| | E) | intrapleural pressure rises |
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| 37 | |
All of the following factors could produce bronchoconstriction except: |
| | A) | cold air |
| | B) | histamine |
| | C) | asthma |
| | D) | epinephrine |
| | E) | airborne irritants |
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| 38 | |
Normal, resting breaths are called: |
| | A) | vital capacity |
| | B) | functional residual capacity |
| | C) | residual volume |
| | D) | inspiratory reserve volume |
| | E) | tidal volume |
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| 39 | |
Falling blood pH would have what affect on respiration normally? |
| | A) | increased Hering-Breuer reflex |
| | B) | frequent apnea |
| | C) | hypoventilation |
| | D) | hyperventilation |
| | E) | eupnea |
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| 40 | |
All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower except: |
| | A) | lower pH |
| | B) | rising body temperature |
| | C) | lower pO2 in tissues |
| | D) | elevated BPG levels |
| | E) | lower carbon dioxide concentrations |
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| 41 | |
In this condition, the walls of the alveoli are destroyed, leading to a lower surface area for respiration: |
| | A) | sleep apnea |
| | B) | emphysema |
| | C) | histotoxic hypoxia |
| | D) | chronic bronchitis |
| | E) | asthma |
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