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1 | | External respiration refers to gas exchanges that occur between atmospheric air and the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | | Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood, and between the blood and tissue fluid, is an active transport process. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | Some of the bronchioles participate in gas exchange between air and blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | | Inserting a tube into the trachea to permit breathing is called a tracheotomoy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | | Regardless of the temperature of the environmental air, inspired air has a temperature of 37°C by the time it reaches the alveoli. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | | The alveoli have ciliated cells in them to help expel dust particles that make it this far down into the respiratory tract. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | There is no real space in the pleural cavity of a healthy individual. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | | Intrapulmonary pressure must be lower than atmospheric pressure for air to enter the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | | Normal inspiration is possible only because the lungs are highly elastic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | | It normally requires no muscular effort to exhale. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | | Pneumothorax may involve the collapse of only one lung. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | | The surface tension exerted by water in the alveoli prevent collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | | Even after exhaling as forcefully as possible, one still has air in the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | A newborn infant must generate 15-20 times as much transpulmonary pressure to inflate the lungs in the first breath as in subsequent breaths. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | | During a relaxed inspiration the diaphragm is the only inspiratory muscle that is required. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | Asthma greatly reduces the vital capacity of the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | A health person should be able to forcibly expel 80% or more of the vital capacity in one second. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | | Bronchoconstriction due to cigarette smoke or air pollution will lower the FEV1.0 but will not lower the vital capacity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | | Cessation of breathing is called apnea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the heart. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | Strenuous exercise has no significant effect on the PO2 of the arterial blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | The resistance in the pulmonary circulation drops sharply at the time of birth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | In adults, pulmonary blood pressure is lower than systemic blood pressure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Systemic arterioles generally dilate in response to low PO2, but pulmonary arterioles constrict. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | In a standing person, the alveoli located at the base of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the alveoli found at the apex of the lung. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | Hyperventilation substantially increases the PO2 of the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | Hypercapnia is caused by hypoventilation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | Acidosis affects respiration because hydrogen ions diffuse from the blood to the chemoreceptor neurons of the medulla oblongata, and these neurons are connected to neurons of the rhythmicity center. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | The PO2 of the blood normally has no direct effect on respiration, but does affect the sensitivity of peripheral chemoreceptors to CO2. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes oxidized hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | When the temperature of a tissue increases through usage, the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | | Fetal hemoglobin, or hemoglobin F does not bind oxygen as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | | Thalassemias result in the presence of large amounts of fetal hemoglobin in the blood of adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | | In passing through the alveolar capillaries, a red blood cell gives up chloride ions and carbon dioxide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | | Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue fluid have an acidic pH. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | | Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis and acidosis have completely different causes, so a pH imbalance due to respiratory causes cannot be compensated (corrected) for by metabolic adjustments or vice versa. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | | Pulmonary ventilation increases during exercise due to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by the extra CO2 produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | | At the outset of exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases even more before there is a need for it. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | | Athletes conditioned for endurance are able to use more of the oxygen available in the blood than unconditioned people. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | | The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin decreased at higher altitudes which can result in fatigue when a person first moves to a higher altitude. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | | People conditioned to high altitudes have higher hemoglobin concentrations than people conditioned to low altitudes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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