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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Chromosomes contain _____.
A)proteins
B)DNA
C)both A and B
2
The experiment by _____ showed that DNA not protein is the genetic material.
A)Griffith
B)Watson and Crick
C)Hershey and Chase
D)Mendel
3
In Griffith's experiment DNA from S strain bacteria caused R strain bacteria to be transformed.
A)True
B)False
4
Nucleic acids can be distinguished from proteins by _____.
A)the presence of phosphorous in nucleic acids
B)the presence of sulfur in nucleic acids
C)both A and B
5
Nucleic acids contain _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
6
Nucleotides contain _____.
A)sulfur
B)a nitrogen containing base
C)a 6-carbon sugar
D)all of the above
7
There is/are _____ type(s) of nucleic acid(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
8
In Griffith's experiment _____.
A)S strain bacteria killed the mice
B)R strain bacteria killed the mice
C)heat-killed S strain bacteria killed the mice
D)a mixture of heat-killed S strain bacteria and R strain bacteria failed to kill the mice
9
Griffith's S strain bacteria produced a capsule which gave the colonies their shiny and smooth appearance.
A)True
B)False
10
Genetic information must _____.
A)be able to store information
B)stable so it can be replicated and passed from one generation to the next
C)be able to undergo changes that increase genetic variability
D)all of the above
11
The ability of the genetic material to _____ provides the genetic variability required for evolution to occur.
A)store information
B)be replicated
C)undergo changes
D)all of the above
12
The development and metabolic activities of the cell or organism depend on the ability of the genetic material to _____.
A)store information
B)be replicated
C)undergo changes
13
Bacteriophages are _____.
A)mutant bacterial cells
B)pathogenic bacteria
C)viruses that attack bacteria
D)bacteria that attack the cells of humans' intestines
14
The result of Hershey and Chase's T2 experiments showed that the _____ of the virus enters the host where viral replication takes place.
A)DNA
B)protein
C)both A and B
15
DNA's nucleotides contain _____.
A)deoxyribose sugar
B)a phosphate group
C)nitrogen containing bases
D)all of the above
16
Transformation can make bacteria resistant to penicillin.
A)True
B)False
17
DNA is a _____.
A)polymer
B)monomer
18
The hydrolysis of DNA results in _____.
A)amino acids
B)monosaccharides
C)nucleotides
D)fatty acids
19
Which of the following is a nucleic acid?
A)RNA
B)DNA polymerase
C)helicase
D)both B and C
20
Griffith concluded from his experiments that some substance necessary for the synthesis of a capsule must have been passed from the dead S strain bacteria to the living R strain bacteria.
A)True
B)False
21
Avery's research showed that DNA is the transforming substance based on the observation that _____.
A)enzymes that degrade proteins did not prevent transformation
B)RNase, an enzyme that digests RNA, did not prevent transformation
C)Dnase, an enzyme that digests DNA did prevent transformation
D)all of the above
22
A protein coat surrounding a genetic core describes a _____.
A)bacterium
B)virus
C)eukaryotic cell
D)none of the above
23
Hershey and Chase used radioactive _____ to label the DNA core of the bacteriophage.
A)phosphorous
B)nitrogen
C)carbon
D)sulfur
24
Hershey and Chase's experiments depending upon the presence of _____ distinguishes proteins from DNA
A)carbon
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur
D)oxygen
25
When Hershey and Chase radioactively labeled the DNA of the bacteriophage, they found radioactive phosphorous _____.
A)in the bacterial cells
B)in the liquid medium
C)both A and B
26
Hershey and Chase used _____ as tracers of the DNA and protein.
A)chemiluminescence
B)radioactive isotopes
C)ions
D)none of the above
27
The structure of DNA was described by _____.
A)Watson and Crick
B)Mendel
C)Redi
D)Chargaff
28
A purine is always bonded to a pyrimidine.
A)True
B)False
29
The structure of DNA was described _____.
A)in the 1850's
B)in 1900
C)in the 1950's
D)in 1990
30
Chargaff's experiments showed that the amount of A, T, G and C is the same from species to species.
A)True
B)False
31
In DNA, the 5-carbon sugar is _____.
A)deoxyribose
B)adenine
C)uracil
D)ribose
32
If a section of DNA has 13% thymine, then there is _____ adenine.
A)13%
B)26%
C)37%
D)74%
33
If there is 29% guanine in a section of DNA, then there is _____ thymine.
A)21%
B)29%
C)42%
D)58%
34
Only some species, like Zea mays and E. coli, have 25% of each kind of nucleotide.
A)True
B)False
35
The percentage of A + G equals _____.
A)26%
B)50%
C)80%
D)100%
36
Thymine (T) and cytosine (C) have pyridimine bases which have a _____ ring
A)single
B)double
C)triple
37
Adenine (A) and guanine (G) have _____ bases.
A)purine
B)pyrimidine
38
The tetranucleotide hypothesis, which said that DNA has repeating unit, each with one of the four bases, was not supported by Chargaff's data.
A)True
B)False
39
A concentrated viscous solution of DNA can be separated into fibers.
A)True
B)False
40
The nitrogen-containing bases in DNA include _____.
A)adenine
B)glucose
C)glycerol
D)leucine
41
A purine is always bonded to a pyrimidine because two pyrimidines together are too narrow and two purines together are too wide.
A)True
B)False
42
The data that showed that DNA is a helix was collected by _____.
A)James Watson
B)Rosalind Franklin
C)Francis Darwin
D)Frederick Griffith
43
Franklin's X-ray diffraction of DNA showed that _____.
A)purines have base with a double ring
B)A equals T
C)DNA not proteins is the genetic material
D)DNA is a helix
44
The Watson and Crick model shows that _____.
A)A is hydrogen bonded to T
B)T is hydrogen bonded to G
C)G is hydrogen bonded to C
D)both A and C
45
If a segment of DNA contains 430 nucleotides and 120 of the nucleotides are guanine, there will be _____ cytosine nucleotides.
A)120
B)190
C)95
D)none of the above
46
Complementary base pairing means that _____.
A)adenine always bonds with guanine
B)guanine always bonds with thymine
C)guanine always bonds with cytosine
D)thymine always bonds with cytosine
47
A good analogy for DNA's structure is a _____.
A)zipper
B)twisted ladder
C)coiled up garden hose
D)dead battery
48
The rungs of ladder (DNA) are the _____.
A)deoxyribose sugars
B)phosphate groups
C)hydrogen-bonded bases
49
The two strands of DNA are parallel to each other with the 5' end of one strand opposite the 5' end of the other strand.
A)True
B)False
50
Sugar-phosphate backbones make up the _____ of the ladder (DNA).
A)sides
B)rungs
51
Which of the following is not found in DNA?
A)carbon
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur
D)hydrogen
52
The nucleotides of DNA have __________ bases.
A)purine
B)pyrimidine
C)either A or B
D)neither A or B
53
Replication of DNA requires _____.
A)unwinding
B)complementary base pairing
C)joining
D)all of the above
54
The process of copying a DNA molecule is called _____.
A)translation
B)hydrolysis
C)replication
D)transcription
55
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in how replication takes place.
A)True
B)False
56
DNA repair enzymes reverse damage done by _____.
A)UV radiation
B)pesticides
C)tobacco smoke chemicals
D)all of the above
57
After replication one daughter DNA molecule is composed entirely of new nucleotides.
A)True
B)False
58
DNA replication is best described as _____.
A)completely conservative
B)semiconservative
C)a very slow process
D)error free
59
In _____ replication can occur in two directions at once because the DNA molecule is circular.
A)prokaryotes
B)eukaryotes
C)viruses
60
All genetic mutations are due to DNA damage by environmental factors.
A)True
B)False
61
Helicase is the enzyme that breaks covalent bonds between the complementary bases of DNA.
A)True
B)False
62
The unwinding of DNA is done by _____.
A)DNA polymerase
B)DNA repair enzymes
C)helicase
D)DNA ligase
63
DNA replication takes place _____.
A)during interphase
B)prior to mitosis
C)prior to meiosis
D)all of the above
64
During DNA replication each old DNA strand of the parent molecule serves as a template for a new strand in a daughter molecule.
A)True
B)False
65
New complementary nucleotides are positioned and joined by _____ during replication.
A)DNA polymerase
B)helicase
C)sucrase
D)RNA polymerase
66
Chemotherapeutic drugs stop DNA replication because the drugs are analogs to _____.
A)one of the four nucleotides
B)DNA polymerase
C)deoxyribose
D)helicase
67
Meselson and Stahl confirmed the DNA replication is semiconservative when they found only hybrid (intermediate density) DNA in bacteria after first growing them in a medium with heavy nitrogen and then switching them to a light nitrogen.
A)True
B)False
68
Proofreading of the nucleotides keeps the error rate to one mistake per one billion base pairs during DNA replication.
A)True
B)False
69
Gene mutations are always harmful to the organism in which they happen.
A)True
B)False
70
Replication forks are characteristic of the DNA replication of _____.
A)viruses
B)prokaryotic cells
C)eukaryotic cells
71
In eukaryotic cells DNA replication begins at numerous origins of replication along the length of the chromosome.
A)True
B)False
72
The V shape wherever DNA is being replicated in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a _____.
A)chiasmata
B)replication fork
C)gene locus
D)cleavage furrow
73
The _____ strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.
A)leading
B)lagging
C)parental
74
DNA polymerase can only join a nucleotide to the free 3' end of another nucleotide.
A)True
B)False
75
The 3' end of each Okazaki fragment is joined to the 5' end of the next fragment by _____.
A)DNA repair enzymes
B)RNA polymerase
C)helicase
D)DNA ligase
76
Okazaki fragments are characteristic of the DNA replication of the _____ strand.
A)leading
B)lagging
77
The phosphate group of a nucleotide is attached to the structure at the _____ carbon.
A)1'
B)3'
C)5'







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