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14.1 The Function of Genes
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- Each gene specifies the amino acid sequence of one polypeptide of a protein, molecules that are essential to the structure and function of a cell.
- The expression of genes leading to a protein product involves two steps, called transcription and translation.
- Three different types of RNA molecules are involved in transcription and translation.
| - Each gene specifies a sequence of ____________ in a _______________.
Answer - What are the three types of RNA and what is the function of each?
Answer - What is transcription?
Answer - What is translation?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Investigators recoginize gene activity
- Genes specify enzymes
- Genes specify a polypeptide
- From DNA to RNA to protein
- Types of RNA
- The required steps
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14.2 The Genetic Code
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- The genetic code is a triplet code; each code word, called a codon, consisting of three nucleotide bases, stands for a particular amino acid of a polypeptide.
| - What is a codon?
Answer - What is meant by "the genetic code is universal"?
Answer - True or False: There is only one codon per amino acid.
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Sequence of bases in DNA
- Finding the genetic code
- The code is universal
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14.3 The First Step: Transcription
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- During transcription, a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of an RNA molecule.
| - What is the beginning of transcription?
Answer - What is the start of a gene on DNA called, in which direction is RNA synthesized and what is the end of a gene on DNA called?
Answer - What are introns and exons?
Answer - Where does transcription occur?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Transcription
- Messenger RNA is formed
- RNA polymerase
- Messenger RNA is processed
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14.4 The Second Step: Translation
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- During translation, the amino acids of a specific polypeptide are joined in the order directed by a type of RNA called messenger RNA.
| - Where does translation occur?
Answer - What is the function of transfer RNA?
Answer - What is an anti-codon and where can it be found?
Answer - Ribosomal RNA is produced from a DNA segment in the ________________ and then moves to the _______________.
Answer - What are the three steps of protein synthesis and briefly what happens in each?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Translation
- The role of transfer RNA
- The role of ribosomal RNA
- Translation requires three steps
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Explorations
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