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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
In his book The Origin of Species, Darwin clearly stated how variations came about and how they were transmitted.
A)True
B)False
2
All the members of a single species occupying a particular area at the same time is a _____.
A)community
B)population
C)neighborhood
3
Evolution that occurs within a population is _____.
A)microevolution
B)macroevolution
4
The various alleles at all the gene loci in all individuals make up the _____ of the population.
A)gametes
B)zygotes
C)gene pool
D)phenotype
5
Sexual reproduction alone cannot bring about a change in allele frequencies.
A)True
B)False
6
The dominant allele is the most common allele in the gene pool.
A)True
B)False
7
The Hardy-Weinberg law states that an equilibrium of allele frequencies in a gene pool will remain in effect in each succeeding generation of a sexually reproducing population as long as _____ conditions are met.
A)one
B)three
C)five
D)seven
8
What is the number of dominant alleles in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 30 BB, 60 Bb, 10 bb?
A)60
B)90
C)120
D)160
9
What is the frequency of the dominant allele in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 30 BB, 60 Bb, 10 bb?
A)0.2
B)0.4
C)0.6
D)0.8
10
What is the frequency of the recessive allele in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 30 BB, 60 Bb, 10 bb?
A)0.2
B)0.4
C)0.6
D)0.8
11
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq equals the percentage of _____.
A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
12
Hardy and Weinberg used the binomial expression (p2 + 2pq +q2) to calculate the _____of a population.
A)genotypic frequencies
B)allelic frequencies
C)both A and B
13
Evolution can be detected by noting an deviation from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population.
A)True
B)False
14
Which of the following conditions will cause evolution within a population to occur?
A)no mutations
B)random mating
C)natural selection
D)no gene flow
15
If there is migration of individuals into or out of a population evolution will occur.
A)True
B)False
16
The shift in the population of peppered moths from 10% dark-colored moths prior to the advent of industry to 80% dark-colored moths after the advent of industry illustrates the process of _____.
A)microevolution
B)macroevolution
C)industrial melanism
D)both A and C
17
Of the conditions that can cause a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium only _____ causes adaptation to the environment.
A)mutation
B)natural selection
C)gene flow
D)nonrandom mating
18
A mutation can be __________ to an organism.
A)beneficial
B)neutral in its effect
C)harmful
D)all of the above
19
Genetic drift is more likely to occur in a small population.
A)True
B)False
20
Studies on many species have demonstrated that high levels of allelic variation are the exception rather than the rule in natural populations.
A)True
B)False
21
Gene flow _____.
A)is the result of a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
B)among populations increases the rate of speciation
C)tends to decrease the genetic diversity among populations
D)all of the above
22
If there is an absence of migration of breeding individuals among populations ____ will not occur.
A)gene flow
B)genetic mutations
C)natural selection
D)random mating
23
Gene flow can increase the variation within a population by introducing novel alleles from some other population.
A)True
B)False
24
Random mating occurs when _____.
A)individuals pair by chance
B)individuals pair according to genotypes
C)individuals pair according to phenotypes
25
Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?
A)the attraction of peahens to a male peacock with an elaborate tail
B)tall humans mating with other tall humans
C)inbreeding
D)all of the above
26
Inbreeding _____.
A)does not change allele frequencies
B)decreases the proportion of heterozygotes at all gene loci
C)increases the frequency of recessive abnormalities in the phenotype in humans
D)all of the above
27
When individuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to some characteristic _____ occurs.
A)sexual selection
B)assortative mating
C)random mating
D)inbreeding
28
Assortative mating results in increased homozygotes for the gene loci that control a certain trait and decreased heterozygotes for the same loci.
A)True
B)False
29
Genetic drift _____.
A)is more likely to occur in large populations
B)increases genetic variability in a population
C)may begin when a species becomes nearly extinct
D)all of the above
30
Genetic drift is a random process.
A)True
B)False
31
Which of the following might be a cause of genetic drift?
A)overharvesting
B)habitat loss
C)earthquake
D)all of the above
32
Cheetahs are a good illustration of how genetic drift can cause certain alleles to be lost from a population.
A)True
B)False
33
When the majority of types of genotypes are prevented from participating in the production of the next generation _____ has occurred.
A)the bottleneck effect
B)disruptive selection
C)gene flow
D)random mating
34
A recessive allele that causes polydactylism is found in an usually large percentage of the Amish of Lancaster County, PA because of _____.
A)stabilizing selection
B)sexual selection
C)the founder effect
D)industrial melanism
35
Gene mutations are the ultimate source of variation.
A)True
B)False
36
Small populations develop as a result of the _____ which leads to genetic drift that affects gene pool frequencies.
A)founder effect
B)bottleneck effect
C)both A and B
D)neither A or B
37
Disruptive selection occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored.
A)True
B)False
38
When an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction _____ selection occurs.
A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)both A and B
39
The industrial melanism of the peppered moths is an example of ____ selection.
A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)sexual
D)disruptive
40
Natural selection is the process that results in adaptation of a population to the biotic and abiotic environments.
A)True
B)False
41
Fitness does not vary according to the environment in which an individual lives.
A)True
B)False
42
When organisms adapt to the abiotic environment they become adapted to _____.
A)predation
B)extreme temperatures
C)parasitism
D)all of the above
43
An individual's fitness affects _____.
A)variation
B)inheritance
C)differential adaptedness
D)differential reproduction
44
Evolution by natural selection requires _____.
A)differential reproduction
B)inheritable genetic differences
C)differential adaptedness
D)all of the above
45
Most of the traits on which natural selection acts are polygenic.
A)True
B)False
46
Misuse of antibiotics _____.
A)cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics
B)cause people to become immune to antibiotics
C)select for bacteria that are already resistant to antibiotics
D)all of the above
47
Traits that are controlled by more than one pair of alleles located at different gene loci display a range of phenotypes, the frequency distribution of which usually resembles a bell-shaped curve.
A)True
B)False
48
Which of the following is not an example of directional selection?
A)the gradual increase in size of the modern horse
B)survival of average weight human infants
C)the increasing resistance of the malaria causing protozoan to chloroquine
D)the increasing number of dark-colored peppered moths after the advent of industry
49
Which type of selection improves adaptation of the population to those aspects of the environment that remain constant?
A)directional
B)stabilizing
C)disruptive
D)none of the above
50
When two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype _____ selection occurs.
A)directional
B)stabilizing
C)disruptive
51
The occurrence of disruptive selection in the British land snails created _____.
A)two different phenotypes, snails with dark shells and snails with light-banded shells
B)one intermediate phenotype, snails with mottled shells
C)a larger number of snails with dark shells
D)none of the above
52
Variation is maintained by _____.
A)mutation
B)gene flow
C)diploidy
D)all of the above
53
The _____ individual in a population will remain a source of the recessive allele since it is not phenotypically exposed.
A)homozygous dominant
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous recessive
54
Only alleles that cause a phenotypic difference are subject to natural selection.
A)True
B)False
55
When the ratio of two or more phenotypes remains the same in each generation it is called _____.
A)balanced polymorphism
B)sexual dimorphism
56
In areas of Africa where malaria is prevalent individuals who are _____ for sickle-cell diseases are fitter than those with other genotypes.
A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
57
The increased fitness of the individuals who are heterozygous for sickle-cell disease in areas where malaria is prevalent maintains the recessive allele in the population.
A)True
B)False
58
Populations that lack variation may _____.
A)become extinct
B)not be able to adapt to new conditions
C)both A and B
59
If two individuals in neighboring populations mate but their gametes cannot fuse to form a zygote, this is an example of _____.
A)temporal isolation
B)mechanical isolation
C)gamete isolation
D)behavioral isolation
60
The final result of changes in the gene pool allele and genotypic frequencies is _____.
A)extinction
B)speciation
C)a population bottleneck
D)genetic drift
61
Which of the following correctly describes a species?
A)members of a species can interbreed
B)members of a species have a shared gene pool
C)members are unable to successfully breed with members of other species
D)all of the above
62
Gene flow occurs between the populations of a species but not between populations of different species.
A)True
B)False
63
Speciation is _____.
A)the splitting of one species into two or more species
B)the transformation of one species into a new species over time
C)both A and B
64
Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism?
A)hybrid sterility
B)habitat isolation
C)mechanical isolation
D)temporal isolation
65
The form of speciation dependent upon a geographical barrier is _____.
A)allopatric
B)sympatric
66
Sympatric speciation can occur due to _____.
A)geographic isolation
B)random mating
C)hybridization
D)all of the above
67
The different species of Galapagos finches developed from a single mainland ancestral finch through _____.
A)a population bottleneck
B)adaptive radiation
C)random mating
D)sympatric speciation
68
Polyploid plants can successfully reproduce (produce fertile offspring) _____.
A)only with diploid plants
B)only with other like polyploid plants
C)with any plants
69
When the different species of Galapagos finches happen to reside on the same island they interbreed.
A)True
B)False
70
The finch populations on the various Galapagos Islands experienced _____ resulting in the formation of different species of finches.
A)the founder effect
B)natural selection
C)adaptive radiation
D)all of the above
71
When a population is geographically isolated from other populations gene flow stops.
A)True
B)False
72
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms are those that prevent reproduction attempts and make it unlikely that fertilization will be successful if mating is attempted.
A)True
B)False
73
Hybrids are typically fertile and the offspring of hybrids are always fertile.
A)True
B)False
74
The rejection of finch suitors with the wrong type of beak is a _____ type of isolating mechanism.
A)postzygotic
B)mechanical
C)temporal
D)behavioral
75
The ability of a plant's stigma to control which pollen grains can successfully complete pollination is a type of _____ isolation mechanism.
A)habitat
B)mechanical
C)gamete
D)temporal
76
The use of pheromones is a form of _____ isolation.
A)behavioral
B)mechanical
C)habitat
D)temporal
77
The inaccessibility of pollen to certain pollinators can prevent cross-fertilization in plants.
A)True
B)False
78
Characteristics of animal genitalia or plant floral structures which make mating with other species impossible are forms of _____ isolation.
A)habitat
B)gamete
C)temporal
D)mechanical
79
A population of red maples will interbreed with a population of sugar maples.
A)True
B)False
80
A mating season specific to each species is a form of prezygotic isolation.
A)True
B)False







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