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1 | | Viruses can be seen with a light microscope. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | | Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | The study of viruses has contributed much to our understanding of _____. |
| | A) | disease |
| | B) | genetics |
| | C) | the characteristics of living things |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | | The classification of viruses is based on _____. |
| | A) | their type of nucleic acid |
| | B) | size and shape |
| | C) | the presence or absence of an outer envelope |
| | D) | all of the above |
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5 | | Viruses do not display any characteristics of living things. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | | Viruses always have at least _____. |
| | A) | an outer capsid |
| | B) | a cell wall |
| | C) | an inner core of nucleic acid |
| | D) | both A and C |
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7 | | A naked virus lacks a membranous envelope. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | | Viruses have both DNA and RNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | | Viruses are described as non-living because they _____. |
| | A) | don't metabolize |
| | B) | aren't organized on a cellular level |
| | C) | don't respond to stimuli |
| | D) | all of the above |
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10 | | Which of the following characteristics of living things do viruses have? |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | cellular organization |
| | C) | evolution |
| | D) | independent reproduction |
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11 | | Which of the following is correctly matched? |
| | A) | tobacco mosaic virus - plants |
| | B) | hepatitis viruses - brain cells |
| | C) | bacteriophages - spleen cells |
| | D) | rabies virus - fish |
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12 | | A virus relies on the host's _____ for its own reproduction. |
| | A) | enzymes |
| | B) | ribosomes |
| | C) | tRNA and ATP |
| | D) | all of the above |
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13 | | Viruses are not able to multiply outside a living cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | Which of the following produces cells that carry a copy of the latent viral DNA? |
| | A) | the lysogenic cycle |
| | B) | the lytic cycle |
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15 | | Viral DNA does not change so vaccinations are effective for your entire lifetime. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | In the _____ cycle viral replication immediately occurs and viruses are released after lysozyme disrupts the cell wall. |
| | A) | lytic |
| | B) | lysogenic |
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17 | | Viral DNA and capsids are assembled to produce hundreds of viral particles during the _____ stage of the lytic cycle. |
| | A) | attachment |
| | B) | biosynthesis |
| | C) | maturation |
| | D) | release |
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18 | | Which is the correct order of lytic cycle stages? |
| | A) | release, maturation, attachment, penetration, biosynthesis |
| | B) | attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release |
| | C) | attachment, biosynthesis, maturation, penetration, release |
| | D) | maturation, attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, release |
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19 | | RNA animal viruses that have a DNA stage are called _____. |
| | A) | bacteriophages |
| | B) | retroviruses |
| | C) | viroids |
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20 | | Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are retroviruses. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | Prions _____. |
| | A) | are disease causing proteins |
| | B) | are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
| | C) | have been linked to mad cow disease |
| | D) | all of the above |
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22 | | Disease causing naked strands of RNA are called _____. |
| | A) | prions |
| | B) | viroids |
| | C) | bacteriophages |
| | D) | retroviruses |
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23 | | Viral diseases _____. |
| | A) | should be treated with antibiotics |
| | B) | include syphilis, tuberculosis, tetanus and the bubonic plague |
| | C) | can be prevented with vaccinations |
| | D) | all of the above |
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24 | | Some viruses are cancer causing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | The prokaryotes include _____. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | archaea |
| | C) | viruses |
| | D) | both A and B |
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26 | | Prokaryotes are found living _____. |
| | A) | at deep sea vents |
| | B) | beneath Antarctic ice |
| | C) | in humans' intestines |
| | D) | all of the above |
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27 | | Some bacteria are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | In prokaryotes, genetics recombination can occur by _____. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transduction |
| | C) | transformation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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29 | | Which of the following is not characteristic of a prokaryote? |
| | A) | cell wall |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | plasma membrane |
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30 | | Prokaryotes can escape detection by our immune system if they have a _____. |
| | A) | capsule and/or slime layer |
| | B) | plasma membrane |
| | C) | cell wall |
| | D) | nucleus |
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31 | | Prokaryotes reproduce _____. |
| | A) | sexually |
| | B) | by binary fission |
| | C) | by conjugation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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32 | | A sex pilus is used to exchange DNA between bacteria during _____. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | transduction |
| | D) | binary fission |
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33 | | Surgical instruments are sterilized by autoclaving so that _____, which form when conditions are unfavorable, are destroyed. |
| | A) | plasmids |
| | B) | slime layers |
| | C) | pili |
| | D) | endospores |
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34 | | Endospores _____. |
| | A) | are a means of reproduction |
| | B) | can survive for hundreds of years |
| | C) | cannot be killed |
| | D) | all of the above |
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35 | | Many prokaryotes have accessory rings of DNA called _____ which of often used as vectors for genetic engineering. |
| | A) | fimbriae |
| | B) | nucleoids |
| | C) | plasmids |
| | D) | ribosomes |
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36 | | The oldest known fossils are of _____. |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | prokaryotes |
| | C) | eukaryotes |
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37 | | The primary source of genetic variability in prokaryotes is _____. |
| | A) | mutations |
| | B) | transduction |
| | C) | conjugation |
| | D) | transformation |
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38 | | Since prokaryotes are haploid mutations are immediately subjected to natural selection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | | Facultative anaerobes _____. |
| | A) | require a constant supply of oxygen |
| | B) | grow in the presence or absence of oxygen |
| | C) | die in the presence of oxygen |
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40 | | Prokaryotes at deep-sea vents which support the growth of the whole community are _____. |
| | A) | photoautotrophs |
| | B) | absorptive heterotrophs |
| | C) | consumptive heterotrophs |
| | D) | chemoautotrophs |
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41 | | Photoautotrophic bacteria all produce oxygen when they perform photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | | With which of the following do chemoheterotrophic bacteria form mutualistic symbiotic relationships? |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | humans |
| | C) | cows |
| | D) | all of the above |
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43 | | Which of the following is associated with prokaryotic activity? |
| | A) | decomposition |
| | B) | production of antibiotics |
| | C) | nitrogen fixation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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44 | | Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria _____. |
| | A) | stain differently with Gram stain |
| | B) | have different amounts of peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| | C) | both A and B |
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45 | | Bacteria (domain Bacteria) are the more common type of prokaryote. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | | The cell walls of prokaryotes are distinguished by the presence of _____. |
| | A) | chitin |
| | B) | peptidoglycan |
| | C) | silica |
| | D) | cellulose |
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47 | | There is/are _____ basic shape(s) of bacteria. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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48 | | Tuberculosis is caused by a bacillus which is _____. |
| | A) | round |
| | B) | helical-shaped |
| | C) | rod-shaped |
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49 | | Bacteria that photosynthesize and are common in fresh water, soil, and moist surfaces are _____. |
| | A) | archaea |
| | B) | cyanobacteria |
| | C) | commensals |
| | D) | all of the above |
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50 | | Bacteria classified as streptococci are _____. |
| | A) | round or spherical |
| | B) | rod-shaped |
| | C) | spiral or helical-shaped |
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51 | | Carl Woese pioneered a new method of classifying bacteria based on the phylogenetic comparisons of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | | Prior to classification based on ribosomal RNA analysis bacteria were subdivided into groups based on phenotypic characteristics like Gram-negative or rod-shaped. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | | Cyanobacteria are able to fix nitrogen with their _____. |
| | A) | endospores |
| | B) | chloroplasts |
| | C) | heterocysts |
| | D) | nuclei |
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54 | | The _____ are believed to be responsible for first introducing oxygen into the primitive atmosphere. |
| | A) | green sulfur bacteria |
| | B) | cyanobacteria |
| | C) | purple bacteria |
| | D) | methanogens |
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55 | | Gram negative bacteria _____. |
| | A) | appear pink when stained with gram stain |
| | B) | have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall |
| | C) | both A and B |
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56 | | Cyanobacteria _____. |
| | A) | are gram negative |
| | B) | perform photosynthesis in the same manner as plants |
| | C) | can be unicellular, colonial or filamentous |
| | D) | all of the above |
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57 | | The _____ are a phenotypically diverse group of bacteria. |
| | A) | Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) |
| | B) | Cyanobacteria |
| | C) | Chlamydiae |
| | D) | Planctomycetes |
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58 | | All photosynthetic bacteria produce oxygen during photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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59 | | Organisms classified as Spirochaeta or Leptospira are _____ shaped. |
| | A) | round or spherical |
| | B) | rod |
| | C) | spiral or helical |
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60 | | Cyanobacteria have chloroplasts in their cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | | Cyanobacteria have symbiotic relationships with _____ to form lichens. |
| | A) | liverworts |
| | B) | corals |
| | C) | fungi |
| | D) | all of the above |
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62 | | The halophile archaebacteria live _____. |
| | A) | in swamps, marshes, and the guts of animals |
| | B) | in salty areas, like the edge of the ocean |
| | C) | where it is hot and acidic |
| | D) | all of the above |
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63 | | The eukaryotic organisms are believed to be more closely related to the archaea than to the bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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64 | | Archaea and eukarya _____. |
| | A) | initiate transcription in the same manner |
| | B) | have similar types of RNA |
| | C) | share some of the same ribosomal proteins not found in bacteria |
| | D) | all of the above |
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65 | | Some archaea _____. |
| | A) | have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan |
| | B) | have no cell wall |
| | C) | have cell walls that contain chitin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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66 | | The metabolism of archaea suggests that chemoautotrophy predates photoautotrophy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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67 | | Archaea can be found living in _____ relationships. |
| | A) | parasitic |
| | B) | commensalistic |
| | C) | mutualistic |
| | D) | both B and C |
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68 | | The activity of the _____ contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming. |
| | A) | halophiles |
| | B) | methanogens |
| | C) | cyanobacteria |
| | D) | none of the above |
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69 | | The archaea which are found living in extremely hot acidic environments such as hot springs, geysers, thermal vents and around volcanoes are known as _____. |
| | A) | cyanobacteria |
| | B) | aquificales |
| | C) | thermoacidophiles |
| | D) | methanogens |
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70 | | There are no photosynthetic archaea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | | The gram staining technique is useful for identification of the various archaea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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72 | | The _____ have a number of mechanisms to survive in environments that are high in salt. |
| | A) | halophiles |
| | B) | methanogens |
| | C) | thermoacidophiles |
| | D) | cyanobacteria |
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73 | | Which of the following is a viral disease in humans? |
| | A) | genital herpes |
| | B) | influenza |
| | C) | rabies |
| | D) | all of the above |
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74 | | Which of the following is not a bacterial disease in humans? |
| | A) | lyme disease |
| | B) | tuberculosis |
| | C) | gonorrhea |
| | D) | hepatitis |
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75 | | Antibiotics _____. |
| | A) | selectively kill bacteria |
| | B) | should be used whenever someone feels sick |
| | C) | only kill of the disease causing bacteria |
| | D) | all of the above |
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76 | | Viruses are not susceptible to antibiotics so antibiotics should not be taken when you have a cold or the flu. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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77 | | Which of the following is a problem associated with antibiotic therapy? |
| | A) | misuse of antibiotics increases the number of antibiotic resistant strains |
| | B) | people can die if given an antibiotic to which they are allergic |
| | C) | the use of antibiotics can prevent natural immunity from occurring |
| | D) | all of the above |
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