1 Researchers claim to have found a fungus that spreads over 1500 acres.A) True B) False 2 Fungi are heterotrophic by ingestion.A) True B) False 3 Fungal cells have _____.A) DNA in a nucleus B) chloroplasts C) cellulose in their cell walls D) all of the above 4 Fungi are multicellular _____.A) prokaryotes B) eukaryotes 5 Some fungi and bacteria act as _____ and keep chemicals cycling through the ecosystems.A) producers B) consumers C) decomposers D) pollinators 6 Which of the following involves members of the kingdom Fungi?A) athlete's foot B) LSD C) beer D) all of the above 7 Fungi perform _____ digestion.A) extracellular B) intracellular 8 All fungi are multicellular.A) True B) False 9 Human fungal diseases include _____.A) ringworm B) toxoplasmosis C) yeast infection D) both A and C 10 Fungi _____.A) are nonmotile B) lack basal bodies C) never have flagella D) all of the above 11 Fungal cells have a cell wall containing _____.A) cellulose B) chitin C) peptidoglycan D) glycogen 12 Fungi are dispersed by _____.A) windblown spores B) insect borne pollen C) flagellated zygotes D) none of the above 13 Fungi reproduce _____.A) sexually B) asexually C) both A and B 14 A fungal hypha that contains paired haploid nuclei is _____.A) dimorphic B) a dicotyledon C) a dinoflagellate D) dikaryotic 15 Asexual reproduction of fungi _____.A) can occur by fragmentation B) usually involves the production of spores by a single mycelium C) can occur by budding in yeast D) all of the above 16 During sexual reproduction hyphae from two different mating types fuse.A) True B) False 17 The diploid zygote produced during sexual reproduction undergoes _____ prior to spore formation.A) mitosis B) meiosis C) binary fission 18 Nonseptate fungi _____.A) are multinucleated B) have cross walls in their hyphae C) both A and B 19 The energy reserve of fungi is _____.A) starch B) cellulose C) glycogen D) chitin 20 The cross walls in the septate fungi's hyphae inhibit the flow of cytoplasm from one cell to another.A) True B) False 21 Fungal spores produced by the diploid zygote _____.A) are haploid B) don't undergo any noticeable embryonic development C) germinate directly into haploid hyphae D) all of the above 22 Fungi produce windblown spores during _____.A) asexual reproduction B) sexual reproduction C) both A and B 23 Fungi that live off the tissues of living plants and animals are _____.A) parasites B) saprotrophic decomposers 24 Fungi that infect plants are of huge economic impact.A) True B) False 25 The fungal body can absorb more nutrients because of the increased surface area the hyphae provide.A) True B) False 26 The body of most fungi is a multicellular structure known as a _____.A) mycelium B) lichen C) mycorrhizae D) hypha 27 There are no fungi that _____.A) are parasites B) decompose dead tissue C) do photosynthesis D) reproduce sexually 28 Once the hyphae of the two different mating types fuse the nuclei from the two mating types fuse immediately.A) True B) False 29 Both fungi and _____ lack flagella in all stages of the life cycle leading taxonomists to suggest a relationship between the two.A) plasmodial slime molds B) red algae C) water molds D) all of the above 30 It is believed that the organisms now classified in the kingdom Fungi all share a common ancestor.A) True B) False 31 Originally fungi were classified as plants.A) True B) False 32 Recent comparisons of fungal DNA and proteins have led scientists to drastically change the classification of fungi.A) True B) False 33 Which of the following has a filamentous body form?A) red algae B) fungi C) water molds D) all of the above 34 Fungi have a _____ life cycle.A) alternation of generations B) haplontic C) diplontic 35 Fungi groups are classified according to _____.A) differences in the life cycle B) the type of structure that produces spores C) both A and B 36 In 1969 Whittaker argued that fungi should be in their own kingdom since their multicellular nature, extracellular digestion and absorption of nutrients is so different from protists.A) True B) False 37 The black bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer is an example of a _____ fungus.A) sac B) zygospore C) club D) imperfect 38 In Rhizopus the hyphae are specialized for various purposes.A) True B) False 39 During the sexual reproduction of fungi in division zygomycota _____ form prior to meiosis.A) basidiospores B) ascospores C) zygospores D) none of the above 40 During zygospore asexual reproduction all structures involved are _____.A) haploid B) diploid C) triploid 41 The zygospore undergoes a period of dormancy before _____ takes place.A) meiosis B) germination C) fertilization D) both A and B 42 Rhizopus rhizoids _____.A) carry out digestion B) grow into the bread C) anchor the mycelium D) all of the above 43 The haploid capsule that produces spores in Rhizopus is called a _____.A) conidiospore B) sporangium C) zygospore D) basidium 44 The Rhizopus hyphae of opposite mating types are termed male and female.A) True B) False 45 In Rhizopus _____ are horizontal hyphae that exist on the surface of your bread.A) stolons B) rhizoids C) sporangia D) zygospores 46 Which of the following is most likely to prevent you from enjoying a sandwich?A) Penicillium B) powdery mildew C) Rhizopus D) truffles 47 A zygospore is a resting stage that is very sensitive to changes in temperature and light intensity.A) True B) False 48 Sac fungi include _____.A) yeast B) truffles and morels C) ergot D) all of the above 49 Sac fungi play an ecological role by digesting materials containing ______.A) cellulose B) bacterium C) collagen D) both A and C 50 Yeast are unicellular fungi.A) True B) False 51 The fruiting body of the sac fungi is called the _____.A) ascospore B) ascus C) ascocarp 52 The asexual reproduction of sac fungi involves the production of _____.A) conidiospores B) ascospores C) zygospore D) basidiospores 53 When asci swell they release _____ which can be windblown to other location.A) basidiospores B) conidia C) ascospores D) zygospores 54 The division name Ascomycota refers to the _____, a finger-like sac that develops during sexual reproduction.A) conidiophore B) ascus C) basidium D) none of the above 55 Yeasts reproduce _____.A) sexually B) asexually by budding C) asexually by mitosis D) all of the above 56 Club fungi usually reproduce asexually.A) True B) False 57 Germination of a basidiospore results in a _____ mycelium.A) diploid B) haploid 58 Yeasts are used by humans _____.A) to make bread B) for genetic engineering experiments C) to make beer and wine D) all of the above 59 The _____ produced by yeast during fermentation causes bread to rise.A) methane B) carbon dioxide C) ethanol D) oxygen 60 In club fungi zygomeiosis results in _____.A) zygospores B) ascospores C) basidiospores D) conidia 61 Club fungi include _____.A) black bread mold B) yeast C) truffles D) mushrooms 62 It is possible to produce new strains of wheat that are resistant to rust infections.A) True B) False 63 Club fungi produce fruiting bodies called _____.A) sporangia B) basidiocarps C) conidiophores D) asci 64 In mushrooms the dikaryotic mycelium often radiates out and produces basidiocarps in a(n) _____.A) ascus B) fairy ring C) lichen D) mycorrhizae 65 Cereal crops like corn, wheat, oats and rye are parasitized by club fungi called _____.A) smuts B) rusts C) both A and B 66 Smuts and rusts don't form basidiocarps.A) True B) False 67 The disagreeable odor of stinkhorns attracts _____ that pick up spores that they later distribute.A) flies B) butterflies C) hummingbirds D) bees 68 The hyphae terminate in radiating lamellae in _____.A) stinkhorns B) rusts C) gilled mushrooms D) shelf fungi 69 The dikaryotic mycelium of club fungi continues its existence for years.A) True B) False 70 Ergot is easily obtained for medicinal purposes from ergot fungus cultured in petri dishes in the laboratory.A) True B) False 71 Historians believe that the people who accused their neighbors of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts in the 1600's may having been suffering from ergotism.A) True B) False 72 Poisonous fungi are all classified as basdiomycota.A) True B) False 73 A(n) _____ fungus is the source of the antibiotic penicillin.A) club B) sac C) imperfect D) none of the above 74 Imperfect fungi reproduce _____.A) asexually B) sexually C) both A and B 75 Which of these human diseases is caused by an imperfect fungus?A) athlete's foot. B) thrush C) ringworm D) all of the above 76 Types of lichens include _____.A) compact crustose B) foliose C) fruticose D) all of the above 77 Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a _____.A) green algae B) cyanobacteria C) both A and B 78 Photosynthesis is done by the _____ component of a lichen.A) plant B) fungus C) cyanobacterium D) both A and C 79 A mutualistic relationship between soil fungi and plants' roots is called a _____.A) mycorrhizae B) conidiophore C) lichen D) fruiting body 80 Fungi living in the roots of plants increases the surface area with which the plant can absorb nutrients.A) True B) False