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1 | | Which of the following is an essential element in plants? |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | nickel |
| | C) | aluminum |
| | D) | lead |
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2 | | An element is essential if ______. |
| | A) | it has an identifiable nutritional role |
| | B) | a deficiency of the element causes the plant to die without completing its life cycle |
| | C) | no other element can substitute and fulfill the same role |
| | D) | all of the above |
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3 | | The essential element involved in the formation and stability of cell walls is _____. |
| | A) | potassium |
| | B) | phosphorus |
| | C) | calcium |
| | D) | sulphur |
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4 | | Hydroponics has allowed investigators to more accurately determine which nutrients are essential. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | | Nitrogen is an essential element because it is a component of _____. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | chlorophyll |
| | D) | all of the above |
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6 | | Under ideal conditions, depending on the type of original rock and various processes at work, it may take 15 years for a centimeter of soil to develop. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | The organisms that can grow on pure rock are _____. |
| | A) | mosses |
| | B) | lichens |
| | C) | both A and B |
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8 | | Humus _____. |
| | A) | supplies nutrients to plants |
| | B) | leaches minerals from rock |
| | C) | is the accumulation of decaying organic matter |
| | D) | all of the above |
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9 | | A soil with mostly _____ particles has large spaces and the water drains right through them. |
| | A) | silt |
| | B) | sand |
| | C) | clay |
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10 | | The nitrogen content of a soil is apt to be low in a soil with a large number of clay particles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | | Loam soil has roughly one-third sand, silt, and clay particles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | | Soil with a high concentration of _____ particles holds water. |
| | A) | silt |
| | B) | sand |
| | C) | clay |
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13 | | Plants get _____ from the soil. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | minerals |
| | C) | air |
| | D) | all the above |
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14 | | The final decomposition of organic remains in humus to inorganic nutrients is performed by _____. |
| | A) | protozoa |
| | B) | earthworms |
| | C) | small plants |
| | D) | all of the above |
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15 | | All soil organisms are helpful to plants because they add nutrients to the soil. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | Leaves and other plant remains are broken down by _____ which eat the plant material. |
| | A) | fungi |
| | B) | algae |
| | C) | centipedes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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17 | | Plants are able to get all the nitrogen they need from N2 in the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | | Carbon dioxide and water are combined during photosynthesis to form _____. |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | nucleic acids |
| | D) | lipids |
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19 | | Soil erosion is caused by _____. |
| | A) | planting trees |
| | B) | overgrazing marginal lands |
| | C) | both A and B |
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20 | | The soil profile varies according to a particular ecosystem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | Soil that contains humus is less nutritious for plants. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | Humus _____. |
| | A) | is acidic and retains positively charged minerals until plants take them up |
| | B) | helps aerate the soil |
| | C) | decreases the chances of runoff after a rain |
| | D) | all of the above |
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23 | | Macronutrients are found in greater concentration in plant tissue than micronutrients. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Which of the following is not a macronutrient? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | iron |
| | C) | carbon |
| | D) | phosphorous |
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25 | | All plants perform photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | Mycorrhizal association involves plant roots and _____. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | both A and B |
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27 | | Minerals are transported upwards from the roots in _____. |
| | A) | xylem |
| | B) | phloem |
| | C) | the casparian strip |
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28 | | Water enters the endodermal cells _____. |
| | A) | when it is forced to by the casparian strip |
| | B) | by entering epidermal cells at their root hairs and progressing through cells across the cortex |
| | C) | both A and B |
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29 | | ATP is required for mineral ion transport. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | When H+ are diffusing down their concentration gradient, _____ charged mineral ions can cross the membrane by hitching a ride with the H+. |
| | A) | positively |
| | B) | negatively |
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31 | | Some plants have a _____ relationship with bacteria that infect their roots. |
| | A) | parasitic |
| | B) | commensalistic |
| | C) | mutualistic |
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32 | | Which of the following is likely to have roots infected by Rhizobium bacteria? |
| | A) | soybeans |
| | B) | peas |
| | C) | alfalfa |
| | D) | all of the above |
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33 | | Bacteria living in root nodules receive _____ from the plant. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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34 | | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria _____. |
| | A) | reduce nitrogen to NH4+ |
| | B) | can break the triple bond in N2 |
| | C) | form mutualistic relationships with legumes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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35 | | Surface area for the uptake of water and minerals is increased by _____. |
| | A) | root hairs |
| | B) | mycorrhizae |
| | C) | both A and B |
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36 | | Epiphytes do not grow in the soil. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | | Plants can get the nitrogen they need from _____. |
| | A) | nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots |
| | B) | the activity of soil bacteria |
| | C) | insects they trap and digest |
| | D) | all of the above |
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38 | | Plants that trap and digest insects are heterotrophic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | | Epiphytes _____. |
| | A) | grow on larger plants |
| | B) | parasitize the larger plants on which they live |
| | C) | both A and B |
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40 | | Epiphytes can get their water _____. |
| | A) | by catching rain in special pockets at the base of their leaves |
| | B) | by absorbing it from the atmosphere with their roots |
| | C) | both A and B |
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41 | | If roots are deprived of oxygen or are poisoned so they can't perform cellular respiration, mineral ion uptake declines. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | | Most plants have mycorrhizae on which they are extrememly dependent. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | | Mycorrhizae are an example of _____. |
| | A) | mutualism |
| | B) | commensalism |
| | C) | parasitism |
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44 | | Mycorrhizal fungi _____. |
| | A) | are used by some plants to extract nutrients from nearby trees |
| | B) | get sugars and amino acids from the plant root |
| | C) | facilitate the germination of some seeds |
| | D) | all of the above |
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45 | | The water required for photosynthesis is absorbed by the _____. |
| | A) | roots |
| | B) | leaves |
| | C) | both A and B |
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46 | | Roots cannot carry out photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | | The vessel elements form a hollow pipeline from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | | The plant can move phloem sap _____. |
| | A) | upwards |
| | B) | downwards |
| | C) | both A and B |
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49 | | In order for water to reach xylem it must pass through the root. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | | Each stoma has __________ guard cell(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
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51 | | The pressure-flow model is an explanation for the ______. |
| | A) | movement of organic materials in phloem |
| | B) | movement of H2O in xylem |
| | C) | movement of minerals in xylem |
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52 | | Which plant structure receives organic nutrients? |
| | A) | young leaves |
| | B) | flowers |
| | C) | roots |
| | D) | all of the above |
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53 | | An accumulation of _____ ions within guard cells causes the stomates to open. |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | potassium |
| | D) | chlorine |
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54 | | Vascular transport _____. |
| | A) | is passive |
| | B) | requires energy |
| | C) | either A or B |
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55 | | When the stomates are closed, water is conserved, but photosynthesis cannot take place. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | | Which of the following causes the stomates to close? |
| | A) | low CO2 |
| | B) | water shortage |
| | C) | sunlight |
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57 | | Which of the following structures is a sink? |
| | A) | root |
| | B) | fruit |
| | C) | recently formed leaves |
| | D) | all of the above |
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58 | | Sugar must be actively transported into the phloem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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59 | | The _____ form a continuous pipeline from a source to a sink. |
| | A) | sieve tubes |
| | B) | vessel elements |
| | C) | tracheids |
| | D) | stomates |
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60 | | Sieve tube elements are connected to one another by _____ to form a continuous pipeline for sugars. |
| | A) | gap junctions |
| | B) | adhesion junctions |
| | C) | plasmodesmata |
| | D) | lignin |
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61 | | When a tree is girdled, the _____ is removed. |
| | A) | phloem |
| | B) | xylem |
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62 | | Scientists have used radioactively labeled _____ to confirm that phloem transports organic nutrients. |
| | A) | O2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | H2O |
| | D) | K+ |
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63 | | Samples of sap can be obtained without injuring the phloem by using _____. |
| | A) | hypodermic needles |
| | B) | ticks |
| | C) | girdling |
| | D) | aphids |
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64 | | When sugar is actively transported into the phloem, _____. |
| | A) | active transport moves it towards the sink |
| | B) | it diffuses to areas of high concentration |
| | C) | water follows by osmosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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65 | | The pressure-flow model of phloem transport can account for any direction of flow in sieve tubes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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66 | | Tracheids and vessel elements are the cells which comprise _____ which transports water and minerals. |
| | A) | parenchyma |
| | B) | xylem |
| | C) | phloem |
| | D) | cork cambium |
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67 | | Xylem is composed of strong-walled nonliving cells which give trees internal support. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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68 | | Which chemical property of water is important to the movement of xylem sap? |
| | A) | hydrogen bonding between water molecules |
| | B) | the polarity of water |
| | C) | both A and B |
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69 | | Water enters the cells of a wilted plant because the cells have a _____ water potential. |
| | A) | lower |
| | B) | higher |
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70 | | The mechanism for xylem transport of water is suggested by the _____ model. |
| | A) | cohesion-tension |
| | B) | endosymbiotic |
| | C) | fluid mosaic |
| | D) | pressure flow |
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71 | | Water stops entering a cell when the pressure potential inside the cell increases and balances the osmotic pressure outside the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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72 | | Water potential is determined by _____. |
| | A) | water pressure across a membrane |
| | B) | solute concentration across a membrane |
| | C) | both A and B |
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73 | | Root pressure may be responsible for _____ when drops of water are forced out of vein endings along the edges of the leaves. |
| | A) | transpiration |
| | B) | erosion |
| | C) | guttation |
| | D) | girdling |
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74 | | Vessel elements have no end walls. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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75 | | Photosynthesis requires _____. |
| | A) | an abundant supply of water |
| | B) | open stomates |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | all of the above |
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76 | | Less than 10% of the water taken up by the roots is lost by transpiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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77 | | When the stomates open _____. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide enters the leaf |
| | B) | water evaporates from the leaf |
| | C) | both A and B |
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78 | | The tension in the cohesion-tension model refers to the negative pressure created by transpiration that draws the water column up in vessels from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | | An epiphyte is a plant that lives on, but is not parasitic on, a tree. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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