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| 1 | |
Internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
It is easier for animals to obtain oxygen from the water than the air. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Gas exchange takes place by the physical process of _____. |
| | A) | receptor mediated endocytosis |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | osmosis |
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| 4 | |
The area where gas exchange occurs must _____ for diffusion to be effective. |
| | A) | be dry |
| | B) | have a large surface area |
| | C) | be thick |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
Animals must have a respiratory system in order to perform gas exchange. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following has a specialized respiratory system? |
| | A) | an earthworm |
| | B) | hydra |
| | C) | planaria |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 7 | |
Respiration obtains oxygen which _____. |
| | A) | enters the mitochondria |
| | B) | is used to produce ATP during cellular respiration |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 8 | |
Gas exchange between air and blood within the lungs is part of _____. |
| | A) | internal respiration |
| | B) | external respiration |
| | C) | breathing |
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| 9 | |
A moist surface area is needed for the diffusion of gases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
The effectiveness of diffusion increases when _____. |
| | A) | the blood contains a respiratory pigment like hemoglobin |
| | B) | the gas-exchange region is thin |
| | C) | there is vascularization |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
Aquatic animals spend more energy to breathe than do terrestrial animals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
In hydra, the inner layer of cells exchange gases with the water in the _____. |
| | A) | coelom |
| | B) | gastrovascular cavity |
| | C) | gills |
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| 13 | |
Quite often aquatic organisms have _____ which extract oxygen from the water. |
| | A) | lungs |
| | B) | tracheae |
| | C) | gills |
| | D) | air sacs |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following relies on gills for getting oxygen? |
| | A) | clams |
| | B) | squid |
| | C) | fish |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
The contercurrent flow of blood across the gills allows a greater amount of oxygen to be extracted from the water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
With a countercurrent flow as blood gains oxygen, it always encounters water having an even _____ oxygen content. |
| | A) | higher |
| | B) | lower |
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| 17 | |
In bony fish, the gills are protected by the _____. |
| | A) | exoskeleton |
| | B) | opercula |
| | C) | pharynx |
| | D) | lamellae |
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| 18 | |
The insect circulatory system plays an important role in gas transport. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Positive pressure is used by _____ to push air into the lungs. |
| | A) | amphibians |
| | B) | reptiles |
| | C) | birds |
| | D) | mammals |
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| 20 | |
An earthworm maintains a moist surface area for gas exchange by _____. |
| | A) | remaining in damp soil during the day |
| | B) | secreting mucus |
| | C) | releasing fluids from excretory pores |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 21 | |
A respiratory system known as a tracheal system is seen in _____. |
| | A) | spiders |
| | B) | birds |
| | C) | insects |
| | D) | earthworms |
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| 22 | |
Reptiles often use their skin as an auxiliary gas-exchange surface. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Amphibians perform gas exchange with _____. |
| | A) | small, saclike lungs |
| | B) | their thin moist skin |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 24 | |
In mammals, when the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises, _____ occurs. |
| | A) | inhalation |
| | B) | exhalation |
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| 25 | |
In amphibians, reptiles and mammals, fresh oxygen rich air mixes in the lungs with used air. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
In _____, a system of air sacs makes complete ventilation possible. |
| | A) | amphibians |
| | B) | mammals |
| | C) | birds |
| | D) | reptiles |
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| 27 | |
The incomplete ventilation of mammals _____. |
| | A) | helps conserve water |
| | B) | increases the efficiency of gas exchange |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 28 | |
Animals without a specialized respiratory system _____. |
| | A) | are thin and flat |
| | B) | have low energy demands |
| | C) | must remain moist |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 29 | |
The efficiency of respiration in an earthworm is increased by the presence of a circulatory system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
When rib and diaphragm muscles relax, air is exhaled. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
The structures that comprise the human respiratory system only transport air to and from the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
The nasal cavities _____ the air. |
| | A) | warm |
| | B) | filter |
| | C) | moisten |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
The cilia of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the _____, push mucus, dust and bits of food that "went down the wrong way" into the throat. |
| | A) | trachea |
| | B) | esophagus |
| | C) | alveoli |
| | D) | larynx |
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| 34 | |
The _____ covers the glottis when food is swallowed. |
| | A) | uvula |
| | B) | soft palate |
| | C) | epiglottis |
| | D) | Adam's apple |
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| 35 | |
The function of the _____ is the production of sound. |
| | A) | pharynx |
| | B) | larynx |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | alveoli |
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| 36 | |
Air and food are both found in the _____. |
| | A) | nasal cavities |
| | B) | trachea |
| | C) | alveoli |
| | D) | pharynx |
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| 37 | |
The epiglottis ensures food travels down the esophagus and not the trachea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 38 | |
The trachea is _____ to the esophagus. |
| | A) | ventral |
| | B) | dorsal |
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| 39 | |
The mixing of food and air in the pharynx _____. |
| | A) | allows a greater intake of air during heavy exercise |
| | B) | permits you to breathe through your mouth when your nose is plugged up |
| | C) | creates the possibility that food will accidentally enter the trachea |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 40 | |
The vocal cords are located in the _____. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | pharynx |
| | C) | trachea |
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| 41 | |
The larynx is primary composed of _____. |
| | A) | skeletal muscle |
| | B) | cartilage |
| | C) | pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
| | D) | bone |
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| 42 | |
Gas exchange between the air and the lungs takes place in the _____. |
| | A) | bronchi |
| | B) | alveoli |
| | C) | nasal cavities |
| | D) | glottis |
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| 43 | |
A series of C-shaped cartilage rings is the structure that supports the function of the _____. |
| | A) | esophagus |
| | B) | trachea |
| | C) | pharynx |
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| 44 | |
The trachea divides into two primary bronchi which resemble the trachea in structure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 45 | |
As air is being exhaled, it moves from the larynx into the _____. |
| | A) | bronchi |
| | B) | alveoli |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | pharynx |
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| 46 | |
The surface area in lungs that is available for gas exchange is large due to the presence of _____. |
| | A) | alveoli |
| | B) | lamellae |
| | C) | villi |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 47 | |
When the diaphragm and rib muscles contract _____. |
| | A) | the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases |
| | B) | air flows into the lungs |
| | C) | a positive pressure in the thoracic cavity is created |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 48 | |
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 49 | |
The respiratory center which influences the breathing rate is located in the _____. |
| | A) | lungs |
| | B) | aorta |
| | C) | medulla oblongata |
| | D) | cerebrum |
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| 50 | |
The hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood are monitored by _____. |
| | A) | thermoreceptors |
| | B) | photoreceptors |
| | C) | mechanoreceptors |
| | D) | chemoreceptors |
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| 51 | |
Chemoreceptors that monitor blood chemistry are found in the _____. |
| | A) | aorta |
| | B) | carotid arteries |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 52 | |
The chemoreceptors are very sensitive to the oxygen concentration in blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 53 | |
As the lungs recoil, expiration occurs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 54 | |
The aortic and carotid bodies are very sensitive to changes in _____ concentrations. |
| | A) | hydrogen ion |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 55 | |
When rib and diaphragm muscles relax, _____. |
| | A) | air is exhaled |
| | B) | the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases |
| | C) | the pressure inside the thoracic cavity increases |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 56 | |
When the concentrations of hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide rise, the respiratory center _____ the breathing rate. |
| | A) | increases |
| | B) | decreases |
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| 57 | |
The capillaries that surround the alveoli branched off of a _____. |
| | A) | pulmonary venule |
| | B) | coronary artery |
| | C) | pulmonary arteriole |
| | D) | portal vein |
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| 58 | |
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart in _____. |
| | A) | a pulmonary vein |
| | B) | the superior vena cava |
| | C) | the pulmonary trunk |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 59 | |
During external respiration in the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 60 | |
During internal respiration in the tissues, _____. |
| | A) | oxygen is actively transported from the blood into the tissues |
| | B) | oxygen diffuses from the tissues into the blood |
| | C) | carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues into the blood |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 61 | |
Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries has a _____ concentration of oxygen than alveolar air. |
| | A) | lower |
| | B) | higher |
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| 62 | |
Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than alveolar air. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 63 | |
Each molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to _____ molecules of oxygen. |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | three |
| | C) | four |
| | D) | five |
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| 64 | |
Most of the CO2 is transported in the form of _____. |
| | A) | carbaminohemoglobin |
| | B) | the bicarbonate ion |
| | C) | carbonic anhydrase |
| | D) | a dissolved gas |
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| 65 | |
Carbon dioxide can bind with hemoglobin and form carbaminohemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 66 | |
In tissues, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and diffuses into the tissue fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 67 | |
The saturation of hemoglobin is affected by _____. |
| | A) | temperature |
| | B) | pH |
| | C) | the partial pressure |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 68 | |
Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is referred to as _____. |
| | A) | deoxyhemoglobin |
| | B) | oxyhemoglobin |
| | C) | carbaminohemoglobin |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 69 | |
Reduced hemoglobin plays a vital role in maintain normal _____. |
| | A) | blood pH |
| | B) | blood glucose |
| | C) | body temperature |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 70 | |
Carbonic anhydrase _____. |
| | A) | is an enzyme in red blood cells |
| | B) | slows down the production of the bicarbonate ion |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 71 | |
The acid pH and warm temperatures of the tissues promote the _____ of oxygen to/by hemoglobin. |
| | A) | attachment |
| | B) | release |
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| 72 | |
Which combines with hemoglobin the most readily? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | carbon monoxide |
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| 73 | |
Carbon monoxide _____. |
| | A) | is found in tobacco smoke |
| | B) | comes from the incomplete combustion of natural gas and gasoline |
| | C) | prevents hemoglobin from transporting oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 74 | |
Pneumonia is a _____ infection of the lungs. |
| | A) | viral |
| | B) | bacterial |
| | C) | both A or B can be the cause |
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| 75 | |
Which of the following is associated with emphysema? |
| | A) | persistent hoarseness and inability to talk in an audible voice |
| | B) | fluid filled bronchi and alveoli |
| | C) | a build up of fibrous connective tissue in the lungs |
| | D) | damaged alveoli and decreased surface area for gas exchange |
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| 76 | |
Pneumonectomy involves removal of a lobe of or a complete lung |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 77 | |
Exposure to _____ can cause pulmonary fibrosis. |
| | A) | the protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii |
| | B) | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| | C) | coal dust |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 78 | |
Infections of the nose, pharynx, and larynx are known as _____ respiratory tract infections. |
| | A) | upper |
| | B) | lower |
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| 79 | |
Tuberculosis _____. |
| | A) | is caused the tubercle bacillus bacterium |
| | B) | is diagnosed with a chest x-ray |
| | C) | can be treated with antibiotics |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 80 | |
Asthma is not curable, but can be treated with inhalers that control bronchial inflammation and the muscle spasms when an attack occurs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 81 | |
Lung infections and disorders occur in just as many nonsmokers as they do in smokers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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