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39.1 Evolution of the Nervous system
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- A survey of invertebrates shows a gradual increase in the complexity of the nervous system.
- All vertebrates have a well-developed brain, but the forebrain is largest in mammals, particularly humans.
| - What are two major evolutionary advances in the nervous system of Planarians?
Answer - What are the three regions of the vertebrate brain and what does each do?
Answer - What are the main functions of the human central nervous system?
Answer - What are the parts of the human central nervous systems?
Answer - The _______________ of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements, while the ________________ controls unconscious processes like breathing and smooth muscle in the digestive system.
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Invertebrate nervous organization
- Vertebrate nervous organization
- The human nervous system
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39.2 Nervous tissue
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- Nervous tissue is made up of cells called neurons, which are specialized to carry nerve impulses and neuroglia that support and protect neurons
- A nerve impulse is a self-propagating wave of depolarization (action potential) that travels along the length of a neuron.
- Transmission of impulses between neurons is usually accomplished by means of chemicals called neurotransmitters.
| - What are the functions of motor neurons, sensory neurons and interneurons?
Answer - What is a membrane potential?
Answer - When a neuron is conducting an impulse, the potential is called _____________, and when it is not conducting an impulse, the potential is called __________________.
Answer - The resting potential of a nerve is created by the difference in concentrations of what two ions and where is each the highest?
Answer - What occurs during the depolarization phase of the action potential?
Answer - What is the movement of potassium out of a cell at the end of an action potential called?
Answer - How does an action potential move across the synapse?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Neurons
- Myelination
- Types of neurons
- Transmission of the nerve impulses
- Resting potential
- Action potential
- Propagation of action potentials
- Transmission across a synapse
- Neurotransmitter molecules
- Synaptic integration
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39.3 Central nervous system: Brain and spinal cord
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- The central nervous system controls the other systems of the body and coordinates body functions.
| - What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
Answer - What is the largest portion of the human brain and what are its major functions?
Answer - Fluid filled spaces in the brain are called ______________.
Answer - What is the difference between white and gray matter of the central nervous system?
Answer - What part of the brain provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems and where is it found?
Answer - What part of the brain controls reflex actions such as heartbeat, breathing, coughing and sneezing?
Answer - What is the difference between semantic and skill memories?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Introduction to CNS
- The spinal cord
- The brain
- The brain stem
- The diencephalon
- The cerebellum
- The cerebrum
- The cerebral hemispheres
- The limbic system
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39.4 Peripheral nervous system
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- The peripheral nervous system contains nerves that conduct nerve impulses between the central nervous system and all body parts.
| - What are nerves?
Answer - Where are the cell bodies of all nerves located?
Answer - Where do cranial and spinal nerves originate?
Answer - What is a reflex and why is it a very fast response?
Answer - How does the sympathetic division of the autonomic system prepare the body for emergency "fight or flight" situations?
Answer - What neurotransmitters control the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Answer
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Essential Study Partner
Summaries of major points:- Introduction to the PNS
- Somatic system
- The reflex arc
- Autonomic system
- Sympathetic system
- Parasympathetic system
Labeling Exercises
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Animations
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