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1 | | The biosphere is the part of the _____ that contains living things. |
| | A) | atmosphere |
| | B) | lithosphere |
| | C) | hydrosphere |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | | Energy _____ an ecosystem. |
| | A) | flows through |
| | B) | cycles within |
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3 | | The atmosphere contains _____ which is needed for photosynthesis. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | | In the upper atmosphere _____ becomes ozone , a substance that protects the earth from UV radiation and makes life on land possible. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
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5 | | Organisms are classified into trophic levels according to _____. |
| | A) | where they live |
| | B) | the source of their nutrients |
| | C) | how much they weigh |
| | D) | all of the above |
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6 | | The oceans help keep the temperature on earth suitable to life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | Algae are producers in aquatic ecosystems. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | | Omnivores feed on _____. |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | animals |
| | C) | both A and B |
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9 | | All autotrophs use energy from the sun to produce sugars and other organic compounds. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | | Which of the following is a producer? |
| | A) | a cow |
| | B) | a mushroom |
| | C) | a beetle |
| | D) | an oak tree |
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11 | | Carnivores are primary consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | | Organisms that use inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to produce sugars and other organic nutrients for themselves and other members of the community are _____. |
| | A) | autotrophs |
| | B) | producers |
| | C) | heterotrophs |
| | D) | both A and B |
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13 | | An example of a detritus feeder is _____. |
| | A) | a diatom |
| | B) | a photosynthetic bacterium |
| | C) | an earthworm |
| | D) | an elk |
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14 | | Decomposition is carried out by _____. |
| | A) | fungi |
| | B) | heterotrophic bacteria |
| | C) | both A and B |
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15 | | Tertiary consumers feed on _____. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | none of the above |
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16 | | Inorganic nutrients are released from dead organic matter and animal wastes by _____. |
| | A) | decomposers |
| | B) | secondary consumers |
| | C) | producers |
| | D) | autotrophs |
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17 | | Bacteria that obtain energy for organic compound synthesis from oxidizing inorganic compounds such as ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides are _____. |
| | A) | photoautotrophs |
| | B) | chemoautotrophs |
| | C) | heterotrophs |
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18 | | An omnivore is a primary consumer if it eats blackberries but it is a secondary consumer if it eats a rabbit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | | Consumers are _____. |
| | A) | heterotrophs |
| | B) | autotrophs |
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20 | | Nutrients _____ through an ecosystem |
| | A) | flow |
| | B) | cycle |
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21 | | Energy flow begins when consumers absorb solar energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | The loss of energy as heat as energy is transformed from one form to another means ecosystems require a continual supply of solar energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | All of the energy captured and stored in organic molecules by the producers is passed on to the consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Energy flows through an ecosystem because each time it is transformed from one form to another some is lost as heat. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | Solar energy is first transformed by _____ when it enters an ecosystem. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | detritivores |
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26 | | As nutrients cycle through an ecosystem inorganic nutrients are returned to autotrophs by _____. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | top predators |
| | D) | detritivores |
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27 | | Where is energy the highest in this food chain: Acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria |
| | A) | acorns |
| | B) | squirrels |
| | C) | fox |
| | D) | bacteria |
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28 | | In the food chain: acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria, the fox is a _____. |
| | A) | producer |
| | B) | primary consumer |
| | C) | secondary consumer |
| | D) | detritivore |
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29 | | Inorganic nutrients enter ecosystems by _____. |
| | A) | way of global cycles |
| | B) | rainfall and wind |
| | C) | immigration and emigration of animals |
| | D) | all of the above |
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30 | | Ecosystems are self-contained and nutrients only cycle within an ecosystem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | The precise trophic relationships between specific populations of organisms is illustrated by a(n) _____. |
| | A) | food web |
| | B) | ecological pyramid |
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32 | | The trophic structure of an ecosystem can be represented as a pyramid of _____. |
| | A) | numbers |
| | B) | biomass |
| | C) | energy |
| | D) | all of the above |
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33 | | An example of an omnivore is a _____. |
| | A) | rabbit |
| | B) | chipmunk |
| | C) | beech tree |
| | D) | snake |
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34 | | In general, the amount of biomass (energy) is reduced by _____ as you move from one pyramid level to the next. |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 10% |
| | C) | 50% |
| | D) | 85% |
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35 | | The primary consumer is equivalent to the _____ trophic level. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
| | D) | fourth |
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36 | | In a balanced ecosystem you would expect the see the biomass of the _____ to be greater than the biomass of any other groups of organisms. |
| | A) | producers |
| | B) | primary consumers |
| | C) | secondary consumers |
| | D) | top predators |
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37 | | An infinite number of carnivores can be supported in a food web. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | | The detrital and grazing food webs are interconnected by detritivores like earthworms and salamanders which become food for above-ground consumers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | | A pyramid of numbers can be misleading because it does not account for the size of the organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | | According to the 10% rule with regard to biomass, if an average of 2000 kg of plant material is consumed by herbivores _____ is converted to primary consumer tissues. |
| | A) | 200 kg |
| | B) | 20 kg |
| | C) | 2 kg |
| | D) | none of the above |
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41 | | A grazing food web might begin with _____. |
| | A) | mushrooms |
| | B) | earthworms |
| | C) | sugar maples |
| | D) | all of the above |
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42 | | Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material making food available for other detritivores in a _____. |
| | A) | grazing food web |
| | B) | detrital food web |
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43 | | Nitrogen is needed to produce _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | both A and B |
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44 | | For each element the cycling process involves _____. |
| | A) | a reservoir |
| | B) | an exchange pool |
| | C) | a biotic community |
| | D) | all of the above |
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45 | | In a _____ cycle the element returns to and is withdrawn from the atmosphere as a gas. |
| | A) | gaseous |
| | B) | sedimentary |
| | C) | both A and B |
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46 | | Nutrients can flow between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | | The source from which organisms generally take chemicals during chemical cycling is known as a(n) ____. |
| | A) | reservoir |
| | B) | exchange pool |
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48 | | Elements can be stored and remain unavailable to organisms in a(n) _____. |
| | A) | reservoir |
| | B) | exchange pool |
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49 | | What is true about the phosphorus cycle? |
| | A) | it enters the atmosphere |
| | B) | weathering of sedimentary rocks makes phosphate available |
| | C) | phosphate is incorporated into organisms' proteins |
| | D) | all of the above |
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50 | | Which of the following is known as the sedimentary cycle because its reservoir is sedimentary rock? |
| | A) | carbon cycle |
| | B) | hydrologic cycle |
| | C) | nitrogen cycle |
| | D) | phosphorous cycle |
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51 | | Phosphorous is needed for the production of _____. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | DNA and RNA |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | all of the above |
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52 | | Nutrients from the _____ cycle run off from a terrestrial to an aquatic ecosystem which enriches the aquatic ecosystem. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | phosphorous |
| | C) | both A and B |
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53 | | Plants need bacteria to incorporate __________ into organic compounds. |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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54 | | The evaporation of water from plants is called ____. |
| | A) | respiration |
| | B) | distillation |
| | C) | transpiration |
| | D) | fermentation |
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55 | | Fresh water is a renewable resource because a new supply is always being produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | | The cycling of water through the hydrologic cycle depends on _____. |
| | A) | transpiration from plants |
| | B) | evaporation from the soil |
| | C) | precipitation to the ocean |
| | D) | all of the above |
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57 | | Which of the following is true of the hydrologic cycle? |
| | A) | the supply of groundwater is unchanging |
| | B) | all fresh water eventually returns to the sea |
| | C) | precipitation to the ocean exceeds evaporation from the ocean |
| | D) | fresh water makes up about 75% of the world's supply of water |
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58 | | Most of the fossil fuels were formed during the _____ period. |
| | A) | Jurassic |
| | B) | Precambrian |
| | C) | Carboniferous |
| | D) | Neogene |
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59 | | Which of the following is contributing to an overload of the carbon cycle? |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | cellular respiration |
| | C) | deforestation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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60 | | The exchange pool in the carbon cycle is _____. |
| | A) | fossil fuels |
| | B) | sedimentary rock |
| | C) | the oceans |
| | D) | the atmosphere |
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61 | | Which of the following gases is contributing to a significant increase in atmospheric temperature? |
| | A) | Helium (He) |
| | B) | Oxygen (O2) |
| | C) | Methane (CH4) |
| | D) | all of the above |
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62 | | How are CO2 and other greenhouse gases believed to be causing the temperature of the earth to increase? |
| | A) | they allow more solar radiation to pass through to the earth's surface |
| | B) | they prevent heat energy from leaving the earth |
| | C) | by absorbing sunlight |
| | D) | by reducing photosynthetic rates |
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63 | | Computer models that forecast the effects of global warming predict _____. |
| | A) | sea levels will rise |
| | B) | coastal areas will experience much greater rainfall |
| | C) | agricultural yields will fall as inland area experience more droughts |
| | D) | all of the above |
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64 | | The most abundant element in the atmosphere is _____. |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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65 | | The transfer rate of carbon due to photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decay are just about even. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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66 | | Which of the following nutrients can be a limiting nutrient because of plants' inability to use its gaseous form? |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | phosphorous |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | carbon |
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67 | | Which of the following statements about ozone is true? |
| | A) | its presence in the upper atmosphere protects the earth from UV radiation |
| | B) | it causes leaf mottling and reduced growth in plants |
| | C) | it is a component of photochemical smog |
| | D) | all of the above |
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68 | | The conversion of nitrate to nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas is called _____. |
| | A) | denitrification |
| | B) | nitrification |
| | C) | nitrogen fixation |
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69 | | Phosphorous is often a limiting nutrient in most ecosystems because available phosphorous is generally taken up very quickly. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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70 | | Use of agricultural fertilizers adds excess _____ to ecosystems. |
| | A) | phosphorous |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | both A and B |
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71 | | Eutrophication _____. |
| | A) | is caused by runoff of nitrogen and phosphorous |
| | B) | causes algal blooms |
| | C) | results in massive fish kills |
| | D) | all of the above |
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72 | | Biological magnification occurs more readily in aquatic food chains because there are more links than terrestrial food chains. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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73 | | The toxic levels of chemicals like DDT in the tuna, that ate some small fish, that ate some zooplankton, that ate some phytoplankton is due to |
| | A) | biological magnification |
| | B) | biotic potential |
| | C) | carrying capacity |
| | D) | environmental resistance |
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74 | | Exposure to increasing amounts of UV radiation which might ultimately lead to an increase in the incidence of skin cancer is a concern associated with |
| | A) | acid rain |
| | B) | ozone depletion |
| | C) | the greenhouse effect |
| | D) | global warming |
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