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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The biosphere is the part of the _____ that contains living things.
A)atmosphere
B)lithosphere
C)hydrosphere
D)all of the above
2
Energy _____ an ecosystem.
A)flows through
B)cycles within
3
The atmosphere contains _____ which is needed for photosynthesis.
A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)all of the above
4
In the upper atmosphere _____ becomes ozone , a substance that protects the earth from UV radiation and makes life on land possible.
A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
5
Organisms are classified into trophic levels according to _____.
A)where they live
B)the source of their nutrients
C)how much they weigh
D)all of the above
6
The oceans help keep the temperature on earth suitable to life.
A)True
B)False
7
Algae are producers in aquatic ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
8
Omnivores feed on _____.
A)plants
B)animals
C)both A and B
9
All autotrophs use energy from the sun to produce sugars and other organic compounds.
A)True
B)False
10
Which of the following is a producer?
A)a cow
B)a mushroom
C)a beetle
D)an oak tree
11
Carnivores are primary consumers.
A)True
B)False
12
Organisms that use inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to produce sugars and other organic nutrients for themselves and other members of the community are _____.
A)autotrophs
B)producers
C)heterotrophs
D)both A and B
13
An example of a detritus feeder is _____.
A)a diatom
B)a photosynthetic bacterium
C)an earthworm
D)an elk
14
Decomposition is carried out by _____.
A)fungi
B)heterotrophic bacteria
C)both A and B
15
Tertiary consumers feed on _____.
A)producers
B)primary consumers
C)secondary consumers
D)none of the above
16
Inorganic nutrients are released from dead organic matter and animal wastes by _____.
A)decomposers
B)secondary consumers
C)producers
D)autotrophs
17
Bacteria that obtain energy for organic compound synthesis from oxidizing inorganic compounds such as ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides are _____.
A)photoautotrophs
B)chemoautotrophs
C)heterotrophs
18
An omnivore is a primary consumer if it eats blackberries but it is a secondary consumer if it eats a rabbit.
A)True
B)False
19
Consumers are _____.
A)heterotrophs
B)autotrophs
20
Nutrients _____ through an ecosystem
A)flow
B)cycle
21
Energy flow begins when consumers absorb solar energy.
A)True
B)False
22
The loss of energy as heat as energy is transformed from one form to another means ecosystems require a continual supply of solar energy.
A)True
B)False
23
All of the energy captured and stored in organic molecules by the producers is passed on to the consumers.
A)True
B)False
24
Energy flows through an ecosystem because each time it is transformed from one form to another some is lost as heat.
A)True
B)False
25
Solar energy is first transformed by _____ when it enters an ecosystem.
A)producers
B)primary consumers
C)secondary consumers
D)detritivores
26
As nutrients cycle through an ecosystem inorganic nutrients are returned to autotrophs by _____.
A)producers
B)primary consumers
C)top predators
D)detritivores
27
Where is energy the highest in this food chain: Acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria
A)acorns
B)squirrels
C)fox
D)bacteria
28
In the food chain: acorns ---> squirrels ---> fox ----> bacteria, the fox is a _____.
A)producer
B)primary consumer
C)secondary consumer
D)detritivore
29
Inorganic nutrients enter ecosystems by _____.
A)way of global cycles
B)rainfall and wind
C)immigration and emigration of animals
D)all of the above
30
Ecosystems are self-contained and nutrients only cycle within an ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
31
The precise trophic relationships between specific populations of organisms is illustrated by a(n) _____.
A)food web
B)ecological pyramid
32
The trophic structure of an ecosystem can be represented as a pyramid of _____.
A)numbers
B)biomass
C)energy
D)all of the above
33
An example of an omnivore is a _____.
A)rabbit
B)chipmunk
C)beech tree
D)snake
34
In general, the amount of biomass (energy) is reduced by _____ as you move from one pyramid level to the next.
A)1%
B)10%
C)50%
D)85%
35
The primary consumer is equivalent to the _____ trophic level.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
36
In a balanced ecosystem you would expect the see the biomass of the _____ to be greater than the biomass of any other groups of organisms.
A)producers
B)primary consumers
C)secondary consumers
D)top predators
37
An infinite number of carnivores can be supported in a food web.
A)True
B)False
38
The detrital and grazing food webs are interconnected by detritivores like earthworms and salamanders which become food for above-ground consumers.
A)True
B)False
39
A pyramid of numbers can be misleading because it does not account for the size of the organisms.
A)True
B)False
40
According to the 10% rule with regard to biomass, if an average of 2000 kg of plant material is consumed by herbivores _____ is converted to primary consumer tissues.
A)200 kg
B)20 kg
C)2 kg
D)none of the above
41
A grazing food web might begin with _____.
A)mushrooms
B)earthworms
C)sugar maples
D)all of the above
42
Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material making food available for other detritivores in a _____.
A)grazing food web
B)detrital food web
43
Nitrogen is needed to produce _____.
A)amino acids
B)nucleic acids
C)both A and B
44
For each element the cycling process involves _____.
A)a reservoir
B)an exchange pool
C)a biotic community
D)all of the above
45
In a _____ cycle the element returns to and is withdrawn from the atmosphere as a gas.
A)gaseous
B)sedimentary
C)both A and B
46
Nutrients can flow between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
47
The source from which organisms generally take chemicals during chemical cycling is known as a(n) ____.
A)reservoir
B)exchange pool
48
Elements can be stored and remain unavailable to organisms in a(n) _____.
A)reservoir
B)exchange pool
49
What is true about the phosphorus cycle?
A)it enters the atmosphere
B)weathering of sedimentary rocks makes phosphate available
C)phosphate is incorporated into organisms' proteins
D)all of the above
50
Which of the following is known as the sedimentary cycle because its reservoir is sedimentary rock?
A)carbon cycle
B)hydrologic cycle
C)nitrogen cycle
D)phosphorous cycle
51
Phosphorous is needed for the production of _____.
A)ATP
B)DNA and RNA
C)phospholipids
D)all of the above
52
Nutrients from the _____ cycle run off from a terrestrial to an aquatic ecosystem which enriches the aquatic ecosystem.
A)nitrogen
B)phosphorous
C)both A and B
53
Plants need bacteria to incorporate __________ into organic compounds.
A)carbon
B)nitrogen
C)oxygen
D)all of the above
54
The evaporation of water from plants is called ____.
A)respiration
B)distillation
C)transpiration
D)fermentation
55
Fresh water is a renewable resource because a new supply is always being produced.
A)True
B)False
56
The cycling of water through the hydrologic cycle depends on _____.
A)transpiration from plants
B)evaporation from the soil
C)precipitation to the ocean
D)all of the above
57
Which of the following is true of the hydrologic cycle?
A)the supply of groundwater is unchanging
B)all fresh water eventually returns to the sea
C)precipitation to the ocean exceeds evaporation from the ocean
D)fresh water makes up about 75% of the world's supply of water
58
Most of the fossil fuels were formed during the _____ period.
A)Jurassic
B)Precambrian
C)Carboniferous
D)Neogene
59
Which of the following is contributing to an overload of the carbon cycle?
A)photosynthesis
B)cellular respiration
C)deforestation
D)all of the above
60
The exchange pool in the carbon cycle is _____.
A)fossil fuels
B)sedimentary rock
C)the oceans
D)the atmosphere
61
Which of the following gases is contributing to a significant increase in atmospheric temperature?
A)Helium (He)
B)Oxygen (O2)
C)Methane (CH4)
D)all of the above
62
How are CO2 and other greenhouse gases believed to be causing the temperature of the earth to increase?
A)they allow more solar radiation to pass through to the earth's surface
B)they prevent heat energy from leaving the earth
C)by absorbing sunlight
D)by reducing photosynthetic rates
63
Computer models that forecast the effects of global warming predict _____.
A)sea levels will rise
B)coastal areas will experience much greater rainfall
C)agricultural yields will fall as inland area experience more droughts
D)all of the above
64
The most abundant element in the atmosphere is _____.
A)carbon
B)oxygen
C)hydrogen
D)nitrogen
65
The transfer rate of carbon due to photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decay are just about even.
A)True
B)False
66
Which of the following nutrients can be a limiting nutrient because of plants' inability to use its gaseous form?
A)nitrogen
B)phosphorous
C)hydrogen
D)carbon
67
Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
A)its presence in the upper atmosphere protects the earth from UV radiation
B)it causes leaf mottling and reduced growth in plants
C)it is a component of photochemical smog
D)all of the above
68
The conversion of nitrate to nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas is called _____.
A)denitrification
B)nitrification
C)nitrogen fixation
69
Phosphorous is often a limiting nutrient in most ecosystems because available phosphorous is generally taken up very quickly.
A)True
B)False
70
Use of agricultural fertilizers adds excess _____ to ecosystems.
A)phosphorous
B)nitrogen
C)both A and B
71
Eutrophication _____.
A)is caused by runoff of nitrogen and phosphorous
B)causes algal blooms
C)results in massive fish kills
D)all of the above
72
Biological magnification occurs more readily in aquatic food chains because there are more links than terrestrial food chains.
A)True
B)False
73
The toxic levels of chemicals like DDT in the tuna, that ate some small fish, that ate some zooplankton, that ate some phytoplankton is due to
A)biological magnification
B)biotic potential
C)carrying capacity
D)environmental resistance
74
Exposure to increasing amounts of UV radiation which might ultimately lead to an increase in the incidence of skin cancer is a concern associated with
A)acid rain
B)ozone depletion
C)the greenhouse effect
D)global warming







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