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Multiple Choice
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1
The largest high-to-low range of the tide would occur during a spring tide.
A)True
B)False
2
Some snails use a light-colored operculum to reflect sunlight in hot intertidal habitats.
A)True
B)False
3
Deposit feeders are very common in rocky intertidal areas due to the high among of detritus trapped in the rocks.
A)True
B)False
4
Intertidal algae tend to be rigid in order to withstand wave shock.
A)True
B)False
5
Rocky headlands tend to refract waves such that they bend toward the headland itself.
A)True
B)False
6
Intertidal barnacles anchor themselves to the rock using a foot-like tissue with powerful suction.
A)True
B)False
7
Most rocky intertidal species disperse via larvae.
A)True
B)False
8
Nutrients from seawater are generally the key limiting resource in the rocky intertidal zone.
A)True
B)False
9
Few marine predators can reach the upper intertidal zone, so limpets and snails are relatively free from predation.
A)True
B)False
10
Caging experiments have shown that mussels are superior to algae as competitors for space, and algae may only "win" the competition if there is high predation of the mussels.
A)True
B)False
11
Periwinkles (Littorina) often dominate the upper rocky intertidal because they can breathe air and tolerate extreme temperatures.
A)True
B)False
12
Little gray barnacles tend to grow in a band above rock barnacles in the rocky intertidal because their larvae settle above those of the latter.
A)True
B)False
13
Rockweeds such as Fucus form dark green mats or tar-like blotches in the upper intertidal.
A)True
B)False
14
In the middle rocky intertidal, disturbances such as wave action always reduce the diversity by removing species.
A)True
B)False
15
If limpets graze on newly settled larvae and spores, succession may never pass the bacteria and algal film stage.
A)True
B)False
16
The lower rocky intertidal zone is dominated by lichens and cyanobacteria.
A)True
B)False
17
Large animals of soft-bottom communities are dominated by epifauna.
A)True
B)False
18
Seaweeds grow well in some soft-bottom communities because their holdfasts grip the sediment well.
A)True
B)False
19
Calm, sheltered areas tend to have muddy bottoms while sedimented areas with higher currents and waves tend to be more sandy.
A)True
B)False
20
The presence of hydrogen sulfide in marine sediments indicates the presence of anaerobic bacteria and low oxygen.
A)True
B)False
21
Burrowing clams use their feet to rock their shells back and forth to dig a hole.
A)True
B)False
22
The term meiofauna refers to microscopic animals that live in interstitial spaces.
A)True
B)False
23
Many marine animals in soft-bottom communities specialize as herbivores on the abundant mats of diatoms that often grow there.
A)True
B)False
24
Upper zones of sandy beaches are dominated by crustaceans that eat smaller animals, detritus, and other dead matter.
A)True
B)False
25
In North America, rocky shore habitats are found dominating
A)on the southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts due to rebound following the last ice age.
B)on the Atlantic coast north of Cape Cod due to tectonic uplift of the continent.
C)on the west (Pacific) coast due to tectonic uplift of the continent.
D)all of the above
26
Rocky intertidal species exposed to air cope with potential dessication by
A)avoiding the hot sun by moving or growing in damp crevices.
B)sealing up shells and other coverings to prevent water loss.
C)having a tolerance for losing up to 90% of the body water.
D)all of the above
E)both a and b





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