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Multiple Choice
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1
Mangrove forests in the tropics are being destroyed for human uses such as shrimp farming.
A)True
B)False
2
Coral bleaching occurs primarily when coral polyps and their zooxanthellae are dead.
A)True
B)False
3
Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide may be increasing the earth's temperature because this gas absorbs more infrared radiation from space coming from the sun.
A)True
B)False
4
A great drop in atmospheric ozone levels, thought to be caused by CFCs, currently occurs over Antarctica.
A)True
B)False
5
Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients enter the ocean and feed decay bacteria, which deplete oxygen.
A)True
B)False
6
Dumping of sludge (treated sewage) in the oceans has relatively little effect on marine life compared to dumping of raw sewage.
A)True
B)False
7
Oil spilled in the ocean may last for years, but not forever because some of it evaporates and natural bacteria break down the rest.
A)True
B)False
8
Oil spills can kill seabirds and some marine mammals by reducing their ability to retain heat.
A)True
B)False
9
Most of the polluting oil in North America comes from tanker and pipeline spills.
A)True
B)False
10
As chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides enter a marine food chain, about 80-90% are degraded or lost at each trophic step (similar to the loss in production).
A)True
B)False
11
One major result of the use of DDT as a pesticide was a large reduction in the reproduction rate of some marine birds due to weakened eggshell production.
A)True
B)False
12
The use of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides has been banned worldwide, and the problems they caused are now gone.
A)True
B)False
13
PCBs can evaporate, condense upon cooling, then get carried to the surface by precipitation, so that these toxins now are found in high concentrations in polar regions.
A)True
B)False
14
The heavy metal mercury is more dangerous as an organic compound than as a metal.
A)True
B)False
15
Radioactive waste must be ingested to have effects on marine life.
A)True
B)False
16
Though marine thermal pollution is detrimental in the tropics, it is not much of a problem in colder regions because the increase in heat boosts ocean productivity.
A)True
B)False
17
The European green crab is an example of a widespread alien species since now it is found in non-native habitats on both coasts of North America and in the southern hemisphere.
A)True
B)False
18
One of the major contributors to the spread of exotic or alien species is ship ballast water.
A)True
B)False
19
Threatened or endangered species include some whales, some sea turtles, and some shark species.
A)True
B)False
20
Sustainable development refers to human use of resources that meet today's needs without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
A)True
B)False
21
Planting vegetation that helps stabilize sand is a way to control beach erosion.
A)True
B)False
22
Coral reefs are being threatened and destroyed by
A)dynamite and cyanide fishing.
B)clearing of terrestrial forests for agriculture.
C)an increase in bacterial and fungal diseases.
D)all of the above
E)both a and b
23
The term endangered species is defined as
A)a species in decline due to human activities.
B)a species not in immediate danger of extinction, but potentially becoming so.
C)a species in immediate danger of extinction.
D)a species with a low number of individuals.





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