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Multiple Choice
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1
Sea turtles must leave the oceans to lay eggs.
A)True
B)False
2
Green sea turtles, when ready to lay eggs, migrate to the nearest isolated sandy beach that they happen to encounter.
A)True
B)False
3
Sea snakes also migrate to sandy beaches to lay their eggs.
A)True
B)False
4
Marine iguanas can feed in cold ocean water because they warm up by basking in the sun on rocks.
A)True
B)False
5
Seabirds are endotherms, while sea reptiles usually are ectotherms.
A)True
B)False
6
Female emperor penguins keep their eggs warm with their feet and lower bodies.
A)True
B)False
7
Penguins fly clumsily over the water then dive into and swim adeptly in the water to catch prey.
A)True
B)False
8
Penguins are found mostly in the Antarctic and Arctic regions.
A)True
B)False
9
Tubenose birds get their name from the special feeding tube on their beaks.
A)True
B)False
10
Some seabirds migrate as much as 16,000 km from one polar region to the other, and may never experience a polar winter.
A)True
B)False
11
Pelicans force other birds to regurgitate in mid-air and then catch this food in their beak pouches.
A)True
B)False
12
Seabird guano can be used for useful human purposes.
A)True
B)False
13
Mammals constitute the largest group of vertebrates in terms of number of species.
A)True
B)False
14
Fossils of the earliest whales do not have blowholes.
A)True
B)False
15
Walruses use their tusks to dig up food.
A)True
B)False
16
Sirenians are the only strict vegetarians among marine mammals.
A)True
B)False
17
Baleen whales have very long, hard teeth for straining small animals from the ocean.
A)True
B)False
18
All baleen whales subsist primarily on krill.
A)True
B)False
19
The pleated throat of many baleen whales is used like an expanding accordion to draw in large amounts of water and food.
A)True
B)False
20
European whalers after the 1600s hunted whales primarily to use blubber and for human food.
A)True
B)False
21
Driftnets are widely used because they are the most efficient at catching animals useable for human consumption.
A)True
B)False
22
Cetaceans move their tails up and down while fishes move theirs side to side.
A)True
B)False
23
Though they are air breathers, some seals have been recorded diving under water for over an hour.
A)True
B)False
24
The blowhole of cetaceans not only allows for breathing air while most of the body is submerged, but also allows for breathing and swallowing simultaneously.
A)True
B)False
25
To dive deeply while breath-holding, all marine mammals rely mainly on a large rigid ribcage to hold open large lungs filled with air during the dive.
A)True
B)False
26
The bends condition is caused by carbon dioxide bubbles forming in the blood due to pressure changes in diving.
A)True
B)False
27
Marine mammals avoid the bends by returning to the surface very slowly after a deep dive.
A)True
B)False
28
Echolocation is used not only by most toothed whales, but also by some pinnipeds and probably some baleen whales.
A)True
B)False
29
The rounded fatty forehead structure, the melon, of toothed whales is thought to produce the sounds for echolocation.
A)True
B)False
30
It is thought that cetaceans produce a mental " picture" of objects using echolocation sounds, since they can recognize objects by sight previously only sensed by sound.
A)True
B)False
31
It is now well established that dolphins use sounds in a complex language rivaling that of humans in complexity.
A)True
B)False
32
Breaching may serve as a warning signal or as a means of getting rid of external parasites.
A)True
B)False
33
Gray whales migrate to Baja California in the winter to feed in the rich tropical waters, then to their summer breeding areas in the northern polar waters.
A)True
B)False
34
Most cetacean calves are born head-first in order for the newborn to quickly gulp in air at the surface.
A)True
B)False
35
Pinnipeds often exhibit harem breeding with a dominant male mating with many females and fighting off other males.
A)True
B)False
36
The following must return to land to breed:
A)cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds.
B)seabirds, sea turtles, and pinnipeds.
C)sea turtles, sea snakes, and pinnipeds.
D)sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans.
37
These marine mammals use blubber for insulation:
A)all marine mammals.
B)cetaceans and pinnipeds only.
C)cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds.
D)cetaceans and sirenians only.
38
The following is true concerning whaling by humans:
A)Though most whale species in the Northern Hemisphere are endangered, the species around Antarctica are still plentiful due to their great distance from developed countries.
B)The International Whaling Commission has succeeded in banning all whaling in the world except for that by a few traditional tribal fishers.
C)American boycotts of tuna caught by nets that kill dolphins have succeeded in eliminating most net-caused dolphin deaths around the world.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.
39
The following is true concerning the evolution of whales:
A)Evidence of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestry is found in small, useless rear-limb bones.
B)The body shape of cetaceans is clear evidence that these animals had fish ancestors like all higher vertebrates do.
C)There is no good fossil evidence to show which group of mammals was ancestral to whales.
D)All of the above.
E)Both a and b.





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