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antianxiety drugs  Commonly known as tranquilizers, they reduce anxiety by making people calmer and less excitable. p. 563
antidepressant drugs  Drugs that regulate mood. p. 563
antipsychotic drugs  Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in people who have a severe psychological disorder, such as schizophrenia. p. 565
aversive conditioning  A classical conditioning treatment which consists of repeated pairings of the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior's rewards. p. 272
behavior modification  The application of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior; especially to replace unacceptable, maladaptive behaviors with acceptable, adaptive behaviors. p. 288
behavior therapy  Uses principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.emphasis on self-healing capacities. p. 574
biological therapies  Treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions. p. 562
catharsis  The release of anger or aggressive energy by directly or vicariously engaging in anger or aggression; the catharsis hypothesis states that behaving angrily or watching others behave angrily reduces subsequent anger. p. 467
client-centered therapy  Rogers' humanistic therapy in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and encourage the client to gain insight about problems. p. 573
cognitive therapies  Emphasize that individuals' cognitions or thoughts are the main source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems. p. 582
cognitive-behavior therapy  Consists of a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. p. 580
couples therapy  Therapy with married or unmarried couples whose major problem is within their relationship. p. 585
dream analysis  The psychotherapeutic technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret a person's dream. Psychoanalysts believe dreams contain information about the individual's unconscious thoughts and conflicts. p. 571
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)  Commonly called shock therapy, this treatment is used for severely depressed individuals; it causes a seizure to occur in the brain. p. 566
family therapy  Group therapy with family members. p. 585
free association  The psychoanalytic technique of having individuals say aloud whatever comes into their minds. p. 570
gestalt therapy  Perls' humanistic therapy in which the therapist challenges clients to help them become more aware of their feelings and face their problems. p. 573
humanistic therapies  In these therapies people are encouraged to understand themselves and to grow personally. The humanistic therapies are unique in their emphasis on self-healing capacities. p. 573
insight therapy  Encourage insight and self-awareness; includes the psychodynamic and humanistic therapies. p. 568
integrative therapy  A combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist's judgment of which particular techniques will provide the greatest benefit for the client. p. 591
lithium  A drug that is widely used to treat bipolar disorder. p. 564
meta-analysis  Statistical analysis that combines the results of many different studies. p. 590
psychoanalysis  Freud's psychotherapeutic technique for analyzing an individual's unconscious thoughts. Freud believed that clients' current problems could be traced to childhood experiences, involving conflicts about sexuality. p. 570
psychodynamic therapies  Stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in the early-childhood years. The goal of the psychodynamic therapies is to help individuals recognize their maladaptive ways of coping and the sources of their unconscious conflicts. p. 570
psychosurgery  A biological therapy that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment. p. 568
psychotherapy  The process used by mental health professionals to help individuals recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties. p. 568
rational-emotive behavior therapy  Based on Ellis' assertion that individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are irrational and self-defeating. p. 579
resistance  The psychoanalytic term for the person's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems. p. 572
systematic desensitization  A method of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning that treats anxiety by getting the person to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations. p. 575
transference  The psychoanalytic term for the person's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual's life. p. 571







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