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Multiple Choice
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1

A psychologist who conducts an experiment to compare the mental processes different students use to remember statistical principles is investigating _______________.
A)artificial intelligence
B)cognition
C)mental set
D)semantics
2

A counseling psychologist has developed a computer program that can suggest different paths students can take to meet the requirements for the degrees they seek. This program is an example of_______________.
A)artificial intelligence
B)subgoaling
C)decision making
D)problem solving
3

A child visiting a zoo who sees a brightly colored object leave a nest and fly to a nearby tree and says "Look at the new bird!" is using ____________________.
A)a mental set to see a bird
B)an availability heuristic
C)confirmation bias based on the child's preconceptions
D)the prototype model of concept formation
4

Students in an experimental psychology course must conduct an experiment and write a report in the format required by psychology journals. If the instructor expects the students to submit a schedule for completing the steps of the project, she is teaching the students to use __________.
A)algorithms
B)heuristics
C)subgoaling
D)mental set
5

If a college student having difficulty finding the solution to a mathematics problem tries solutions she used in high school without obtaining the correct answer, she has used _______________.
A)an algorithm
B)heuristics
C)mental set
D)belief perseverance
6

A student who persists in trying to solve a statistics problem by using a process that he used in another mathematics course has _______________.
A)a mental set
B)belief perseverance
C)hindsight bias
D)functional fixedness
7

An instructor who requires that students read articles from psychology journals and present the conclusions they have drawn is teaching _______________.
A)problem solving
B)algorithms
C)semantics
D)reasoning
8

After reading several articles about psychodynamic personality theory, a student concludes that psychodynamic therapists must emphasize unconscious motivation. This conclusion is an example of _______________.
A)mental set
B)deductive reasoning
C)inductive reasoning
D)decision making
9

A college student who seeks the advice of a counseling psychologist before choosing between psychology and sociology majors is seeking help with ________________.
A)decision making
B)problem solving
C)inductive reasoning
D)concept formation
10

Despite the closeness of the presidential election in 2000, a social psychologist is not surprised to survey a national sample of voters and have 54% of the respondents report that they voted for President Bush. This behavior is an example of _______________.
A)belief perseverance
B)confirmation bias
C)hindsight bias
D)the availability heuristic
11

Following a television report about the large number of automobile crashes on campus, students are more likely to report that they believe they will be involved in a crash in the near future because of _______________.
A)the availability heuristic
B)hindsight bias
C)belief perseverance
D)the representativeness heuristic
12

A psychologist who conducts an experiment to determine how often people make faulty decisions because they respond to how well something matches a prototype instead of its relevance to the current situation is investigating _______________.
A)confirmation bias
B)the representativeness heuristic
C)functional fixedness
D)belief perseverance
13

The rules for combining words into phrases and sentences are a language's _______________.
A)phonology
B)morphology
C)syntax
D)semantics
14

A school teacher has asked an educational psychologist to suggest ways she can help a child who has recently immigrated to the United States make distinctions between English words with similar meanings. The child is having problems with _______________.
A)phonology
B)morphology
C)syntax
D)semantics
15

Which of the following activities would an educational psychologist who advocates the whole language approach to reading recommend for first graders just learning to read?
A)Beginning instruction by having children read complete stories.
B)Teaching basic rules for translating written patterns into sounds first.
C)Using simplified materials in early instruction.
D)Presenting complex material only after children have learned how letters represent sounds.





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