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| 1 | |
What 1974 discovery, in Ethiopia, led scientists to determine that Africa is the place from which humankind arose millions of years ago? |
| | A) | Franz Boas's lectures on the ancient empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay |
| | B) | W. E. B. Du Bois's writings on African and African-American history |
| | C) | the discovery of the fossil remains of "Lucy," one of the earliest known hominids |
| | D) | the discovery of iron tools and technology |
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| 2 | |
From which area of Africa did most of the slaves in the Atlantic slave trade come? |
| | A) | northern Africa |
| | B) | southern Africa |
| | C) | West Africa |
| | D) | East Africa |
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| 3 | |
In what African ecological zone would you have found salt production in ancient Africa? |
| | A) | the Sahara |
| | B) | the Sahel |
| | C) | the Savannah |
| | D) | the forest region |
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| 4 | |
Africa's roughly two thousand languages can be classified into how many linguistic groups? |
| | A) | 200 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 20 |
| | D) | 31 |
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| 5 | |
The native languages of most African peoples fall into which linguistic group? |
| | A) | Niger-Congo |
| | B) | Bantu |
| | C) | Afro-Asiatic |
| | D) | Nilo-Saharan |
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| 6 | |
When did the two waves of Bantu migration begin? |
| | A) | around 2000 B.C.E. |
| | B) | around 600 B.C.E. |
| | C) | around 500 B.C.E. |
| | D) | around 1500 B.C.E. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following best describes the Bantu migration? |
| | A) | a long, complex process in which two different waves of Bantu-speaking peoples eventually linked up |
| | B) | a single, overwhelming force of Bantu-speaking people who absorbed all other speakers they encountered |
| | C) | a fairly quick (at least historically) development in which non-Bantu speakers migrated into Bantu areas and were absorbed |
| | D) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 8 | |
What kind of evidence finally confirmed that iron technology was indigenous to Africa and not imported from other societies? |
| | A) | the discovery of knife and ax blades |
| | B) | the discovery of a pre-heating device called a tuyére |
| | C) | the discovery of an iron-smelting furnace wall |
| | D) | All these answers are correct. |
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| 9 | |
Which society created the oldest evidence yet found of advanced, organized society in sub-Saharan Africa? |
| | A) | the Nok |
| | B) | the Yoruba |
| | C) | the Benin |
| | D) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 10 | |
What are abrammuos? |
| | A) | They were weights, which conformed to standard units of measure, used to ensure fairness in the gold trade. |
| | B) | They were pottery figures, of which only parts remain today, used to represent ideal beauty for the Nok peoples. |
| | C) | They were some of the best of the copper figures created by the Hausa peoples. |
| | D) | They were gold and silver ornamental objects created by Yoruba artisans. |
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| 11 | |
Before the discovery of the New World, what was Africa's most valuable trade item with both the Arabs and Europeans? |
| | A) | slaves |
| | B) | gold |
| | C) | decorative items |
| | D) | All these answers are correct. Each of these items was equally valuable in trade. |
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| 12 | |
Who or what were the dyula (or djula)? |
| | A) | the system of trans-Saharan routes, collectively, that crossed the northern part of Africa |
| | B) | female members of specific, matrilineal West African family groups who provided guidance on trade matters and made judicial decisions |
| | C) | the standardized system of weights and measures used by both West African and Muslim traders in the trans-Saharan trade system |
| | D) | West African traders who represented specific families, family groups, or ethnic groups who dominated long-distance trade |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is NOT true concerning ancient trans-Saharan trade in Africa? |
| | A) | Many of the West African traders converted to Islam, bringing the religion to the African interior. |
| | B) | Traders from various locations developed a pidgin language in order to communicate. |
| | C) | Islamic law never truly replaced the legal traditions already in place in most of West Africa. |
| | D) | Inland waterways in Africa greatly facilitated the trans-Saharan trade. |
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| 14 | |
What is an acephalous society? |
| | A) | one that is stateless |
| | B) | one that is matrilineal |
| | C) | one that is nomadic |
| | D) | one that is religiously and ethnically diverse |
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| 15 | |
When did slavery begin in Africa? |
| | A) | when the trans-Saharan trade with Muslim countries created a market for slaves |
| | B) | when the Europeans discovered the continent |
| | C) | from its earliest history |
| | D) | since the Egyptian Middle Kingdom |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Muslim slavery around the eighth century (the time when the religion began to penetrate sub-Saharan Africa)? |
| | A) | Slaves could marry. |
| | B) | Slaves could purchase their freedom. |
| | C) | Slaves had a lesser spiritual value than free persons. |
| | D) | Slaves could have families. |
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| 17 | |
When did Europeans begin considering Africa as a significant source of slaves? |
| | A) | after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 |
| | B) | at the time of the Normans, around 1125 |
| | C) | during the Anglo-Saxon period, around 875 |
| | D) | after the Slavic uprising in the Balkans put an end to slave traffic there |
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| 18 | |
What is the meaning of "chattel"? |
| | A) | Chattel are objects of property, like animals or tools. |
| | B) | Chattel are bound to specific plots of land and the nobility who owns the land. |
| | C) | Chattel are considered, legally, somewhere between free persons and property. |
| | D) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 19 | |
In the indigenous African slave trade, what was the most likely source for a slave? |
| | A) | a debtor who needed service in order to pay |
| | B) | political dissidents who were seen as threatening society |
| | C) | the poor members of society |
| | D) | those captured in warfare |
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| 20 | |
Which person would be most valuable in the indigenous African slave trade? |
| | A) | a child |
| | B) | a man |
| | C) | a woman |
| | D) | All these answers are correct. The ratios of male to female and adult to children, in the slave trade, were about equal. |
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| 21 | |
What is bridewealth? |
| | A) | wealth given by a groom's family to the woman's family to compensate them for the loss of the bride |
| | B) | wealth given by a bride's family to the groom's family to pay for her added cost to the new household |
| | C) | wealth exchanged, usually of equal value, by the bride's and groom's families in order to create tangible ties between the families |
| | D) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 22 | |
Some scholars argue that "freedom," in a western context, is not an appropriate way to contrast slavery in African society. Why? |
| | A) | No one in Africa, during this period, was truly free. |
| | B) | African social relations have been based upon the group, where freedom implied belonging, not individual liberty. |
| | C) | African slavery, in whatever form, did not restrict the slaves themselves in any way. |
| | D) | The concept of "freedom" did not exist in Africa until Islam began to be widely adopted. |
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| 23 | |
In what African society did agricultural slaves work in a gang-labor format reminiscent of New World plantation slavery? |
| | A) | Kongo |
| | B) | Ndongo |
| | C) | Wolof |
| | D) | All agricultural slaves in Africa used the gang-labor format. This was the source of the same way of employing slaves on New World plantations. |
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| 24 | |
What is the first great West African state of which there is any record? |
| | A) | Mali |
| | B) | Songhay |
| | C) | Ghana |
| | D) | Gao |
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| 25 | |
Which great West African state emerged as a power around 1235? |
| | A) | Mali |
| | B) | Songhay |
| | C) | Ghana |
| | D) | Gao |
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| 26 | |
What West African kingdom had its roots in the Sorko people, who lived in the Gao region of the Niger River? |
| | A) | Mali |
| | B) | Songhay |
| | C) | Ghana |
| | D) | Gao |
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| 27 | |
Who consolidated and strengthened the kingdom of Mali? |
| | A) | Sundiata Keita |
| | B) | Mansa Musa |
| | C) | Tunka-Menin |
| | D) | Al-Bakri |
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| 28 | |
What African leader made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324, with a huge entourage and an incredible display of wealth? |
| | A) | Sundiata Keita |
| | B) | Mansa Musa |
| | C) | Tunka-Menin |
| | D) | Al-Bakri |
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| 29 | |
What was the largest and most powerful state in the history of West Africa, extending from the Atlantic to Bornu and from the Berber areas of the north to the Mossi and Benin states in the south? |
| | A) | Mali |
| | B) | Songhay |
| | C) | Ghana |
| | D) | Gao |
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| 30 | |
What made the kingdom of Kongo, in West Central Africa, unique among other fifteenth-century African states? |
| | A) | It did not depend upon the river and lagoon system for trade. |
| | B) | Its leader converted to Christianity. |
| | C) | It was the only state that did tolerate religions other than Islam, especially in regions that mined gold or produced other valuable commodities. |
| | D) | Its ruler was female. |
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