 |
| 1 | |
What years did Reconstruction span? |
| | A) | 1863-1877 |
| | B) | 1865-1876 |
| | C) | 1866-1877 |
| | D) | 1866-1880 |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Republicans were responsible for the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which effectively nullified the Three-fifths Compromise. Why was this an issue of concern for Republicans? |
| | A) | because it meant that former Confederates were eligible to hold federal office |
| | B) | because it meant that the four million freedpeople in the South would now be counted in each Southern state's congressional appointment |
| | C) | because it "threw down the gauntlet" and threatened southern Democrats |
| | D) | because Lincoln opposed it |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
What was the "ten percent" in Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? |
| | A) | A former Confederate state could rejoin the Union when ten percent of its wartime debt had been repaid. |
| | B) | A former Confederate state could rejoin the Union when ten percent of its wartime leadership was turned over to federal authorities. |
| | C) | A former Confederate state could rejoin the Union when ten percent of the voters who were eligible in 1860 swore an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and accepted the abolition of slavery. |
| | D) | A former Confederate state could rejoin the Union when ten percent of its former slaves had presented themselves to federal authorities to prove they had been freed, as required by the Thirteenth Amendment. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
How did Lincoln deal with the Wade-Davis Bill, which disfranchised a large number of ex-Confederates and required a majority of whites in each southern state to swear loyalty to the Union? |
| | A) | He refused to sign it into law. |
| | B) | He convinced a majority of Republican senators to defeat the bill. |
| | C) | He called a special session of Congress and addressed the body himself to dissuade its passage. |
| | D) | He exercised his executive veto power. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
How did Andrew Johnson's accession to the presidency after Lincoln's assassination affect the ongoing battle over Reconstruction between the executive branch and Congress? |
| | A) | It improved the situation greatly. |
| | B) | It deepened the conflict. |
| | C) | It did not change the battle; Lincoln and Johnson were in agreement on Reconstruction plans. |
| | D) | It deepened the conflict for a brief period, but then Congress and Johnson realized they really had few points of contention. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
What were Johnson's beliefs about black suffrage? |
| | A) | He supported it wholeheartedly. |
| | B) | He was ambivalent; his focus was on punishing white southern plantation owners. |
| | C) | Sometimes he supported it and other times he did not. It usually depended upon the audience. |
| | D) | He rejected it outright. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
During which phase of Reconstruction did southern states begin to implement the Black Codes? |
| | A) | the Ten Percent Plan under Lincoln |
| | B) | Presidential Reconstruction under Johnson |
| | C) | Congressional Reconstruction |
| | D) | Radical Reconstruction |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following restrictions were NOT placed upon freedpeople as a result of the Black Codes? |
| | A) | Black children could be "apprenticed" to white employers with no compensation for their work. |
| | B) | The areas in which black people could rent or own property were limited. |
| | C) | Blacks who quit their jobs could be arrested and imprisoned for breach of contract. |
| | D) | Blacks were not allowed to marry. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
What were the Regulators, Jayhawkers, and Black Horse Cavalry? |
| | A) | groups of black people who banded together for mutual security |
| | B) | groups of militant whites that terrorized blacks |
| | C) | groups of black people who organized voter registration drives throughout the former Confederacy |
| | D) | groups of black people who supported the Democratic party |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Which of the following best describes President Johnson's effectiveness in the 1866 congressional elections, the result of his "swing around the circle" campaign tour? |
| | A) | a dismal failure |
| | B) | successful only in the South |
| | C) | successful only in the North |
| | D) | a resounding success |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
What did historian Steven Hahn refer to as "the institutional harbingers of the Republican party"? |
| | A) | President Johnson's campaign stops on his 1866 tour |
| | B) | the statewide political conventions held throughout the South in 1865 and 1866 |
| | C) | the Black Codes |
| | D) | the mobilization of black newspaper editors to encourage participation in the 1866 congressional elections |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which state was NOT affected by the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, the act which brought control of Reconstruction firmly into the hands of Congress? |
| | A) | Georgia |
| | B) | Florida |
| | C) | Tennessee |
| | D) | South Carolina |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Which Reconstruction amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision? |
| | A) | Thirteenth |
| | B) | Fourteenth |
| | C) | Fifteenth |
| | D) | None of the Reconstruction amendments overturned the Dred Scott decision. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Why did the Fourteenth Amendment cause a breach in the abolitionist movement? |
| | A) | because it used gendered language, protecting only the voting rights of "male inhabitants" |
| | B) | because it did not address the issue of suffrage |
| | C) | because it did not define exactly how states would be punished for abridging voting rights |
| | D) | because it did not address education |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
When was the Fifteenth Amendment, which finally granted black men the right to vote on an equal basis with white men, ratified? |
| | A) | 1867 |
| | B) | 1868 |
| | C) | 1869 |
| | D) | 1870 |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
During Radical Reconstruction, Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce were elected to the U.S. Senate. What state sent these men to Congress? |
| | A) | Georgia |
| | B) | Mississippi |
| | C) | South Carolina |
| | D) | Tennessee |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Blanche K. Bruce left the Senate in 1881. He was the only black person to serve a full term in that body until the election of Edward Brooke, a Republican from Massachusetts, in |
| | A) | 1916. |
| | B) | 1922. |
| | C) | 1960. |
| | D) | 1966. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
In what state, during Reconstruction, did blacks wield the greatest influence? |
| | A) | Mississippi |
| | B) | Arkansas |
| | C) | South Carolina |
| | D) | Georgia |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
What organization was the spearhead for Southern Republicanism during most of Reconstruction? |
| | A) | the Union League |
| | B) | the Red Strings |
| | C) | the Lincoln Brotherhood |
| | D) | the Jayhawkers |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
What was the ultimate fate of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which attempted to clarify beyond all doubt the rights of African Americans to freely use public accommodations? |
| | A) | It was systematically undermined, until the twentieth-century civil rights movement, by state laws. |
| | B) | It was never enforced, something even its authors understood would be its fate. |
| | C) | The U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1883. |
| | D) | It was overturned by executive order during Teddy Roosevelt's presidency. |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Which of the following best describes the activities of the Freedmen's Bureau? |
| | A) | It was the first large-scale federal welfare program in the U.S., assisting both blacks and whites. |
| | B) | It was limited to the establishment of black schools and enforcing contracts between freedpeople and landowners. |
| | C) | It distributed "forty acres and a mule" to the freedpeople, but on a very limited scale. |
| | D) | It distributed rations and established hospitals, but anything beyond that was simply not possible with its very limited budget and total lack of congressional support. |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Which of the following best describes the role of African American churches in Reconstruction? |
| | A) | Churches served multiple roles as sources of worship, education, community assistance, and opportunities for black leaders. |
| | B) | Since they were no longer bound by law, in the South, to have separate churches, African American churches were eager to assimilate completely into the existing structure of white churches in order to capitalize on the opportunities they offered. |
| | C) | Most African American leaders firmly believed in the separation of church and state and sought to establish a sharp distinction between the spiritual and the political. |
| | D) | Most churches offered spiritual support and educational opportunities, but they were not among the primary institutions pushing for the betterment of black people during Reconstruction. |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
What act resulted in freedpeople securing homesteads in Florida totaling over 160,000 acres within one year of its passage? |
| | A) | the Freedmen's Bureau Act |
| | B) | the Southern Homestead Act |
| | C) | the Forty Acres and a Mule Act |
| | D) | the Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
What, generally, was the preferred role of black women in the Reconstruction labor market? |
| | A) | Most black families preferred to have black women work at home rather than as wage laborers. |
| | B) | Most black families preferred to have black women work in factories where their wages were higher than those of agricultural laborers. |
| | C) | Most black families preferred to have black women do no work at all, but instead enjoy a life of leisure. |
| | D) | Most black families preferred to have black women working in agriculture in the "squad system," as they had done as slaves, where their skills were more valuable in the now-capitalist market. |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Who benefited the most from the system of sharecropping that developed in the South? |
| | A) | the landowners |
| | B) | the workers |
| | C) | The landowners and workers benefited equally. |
| | D) | No one benefited; it was not a profitable system and quickly died out. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Who was blamed for the failure of the Freedmen's Savings and Trust Company (the Freedmen's Bank)? |
| | A) | black leaders |
| | B) | white borrowers who had taken advantage of the system |
| | C) | the federal government, which had insured two-thirds of the deposits |
| | D) | the Senate Finance Committee |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
What was "redemption"? |
| | A) | the moment when Reconstruction ended, as the last federal troops left Louisiana |
| | B) | a brief moment in Reconstruction when blacks actually served in elected offices in proportion to their population |
| | C) | the moment when the northern and southern branches of the Republican party became united behind a single platform |
| | D) | a return to white Democratic rule in the southern states |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
How did the U.S. Congress deal with the terrorist acts being perpetrated by the Ku Klux Klan and other organizations? |
| | A) | It did nothing; it was a state matter. |
| | B) | It passed a series of laws in 1870 and 1871 that were quite ambitious but failed, ultimately, to end the violence. |
| | C) | It passed a series of laws between 1870 and 1876 which, though slow in accomplishing an end to terrorism, were ultimately the reason it did end. |
| | D) | It made a token effort and passed a law in 1871, but the law had no "teeth," since there were no methods of enforcement. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
What was the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the case of United States v. Cruikshank? |
| | A) | It struck down the Enforcement Act of 1870, declaring it unconstitutional on the grounds that the "due process" and "equal protection" clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment applied only to state-imposed actions, not those of individual citizens. |
| | B) | It ruled that Rutherford B. Hayes had won the contested 1876 election and, by doing so, effectively ended Reconstruction. |
| | C) | It finally declared the Black Codes, and any similar legislation that sought to limit black voting rights or other rights, unconstitutional. |
| | D) | It officially ended the Freedmen's Bureau. |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
What were the last three states in which Republicans still held power during the presidential election campaign of 1876? |
| | A) | Georgia, Tennessee, and Louisiana |
| | B) | South Carolina, Mississippi, and Florida |
| | C) | South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana |
| | D) | Texas, North Carolina, and Louisiana |
|
|
.