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| 1 | |
Which of the following best describes the "New South" that developed in the years following Reconstruction? |
| | A) | working-class |
| | B) | anti-industry |
| | C) | pro-farmer |
| | D) | pro-railroad |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following was NOT one of the state-mandated ways whites attempted to limit or prohibit black voting? |
| | A) | the secret ballot |
| | B) | poll taxes |
| | C) | literacy tests |
| | D) | confusing ballot processes |
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| 3 | |
Once black voters were effectively removed from the political process in the South, why did divisions begin to appear in the white electorate? |
| | A) | With black voters out of the way, the white elite began to realize they had few shared goals. |
| | B) | Without the "common enemy" of black voters, poor whites began to question the policies of the more elite whites who controlled the state governments. |
| | C) | Without the goal of keeping black voters out of the process, poor whites generally lost interest in politics, something those who controlled the state governments resented. |
| | D) | Black Republicans were able to convince poor whites that only through an alliance would the interests of any poor person be on state legislators' agendas, so massive numbers of poor whites began voting Republican in the first years following Reconstruction. |
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| 4 | |
What groups formed a coalition that resulted in the Readjuster Party rising to power in Virginia in 1879? |
| | A) | poor whites and elite whites |
| | B) | poor blacks and elite blacks |
| | C) | black Republicans and disgruntled white Democrats |
| | D) | white Republicans and disgruntled black Democrats |
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| 5 | |
How did the radical agrarian movement, during the last two decades of the nineteenth century, affect black and white southern farmers? |
| | A) | It pushed them further away from each other politically. |
| | B) | It pushed them closer together politically. |
| | C) | It gave white farmers an excuse to join the Bourbons in keeping blacks from voting. |
| | D) | It had no real effect. Black and white farmers had separate organizations and very different goals. |
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| 6 | |
In 1896, a successful coalition of the newly organized Populists and the remnants of old Republican organizations emerged in North Carolina and, in 1896, a black man was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served until 1901. Who was he? |
| | A) | Oscar De Priest |
| | B) | James H. Young |
| | C) | George White |
| | D) | John C. Dancy |
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| 7 | |
By what year had the agrarian revolt collapsed, to be replaced by the Solid South, one which was dominated by an all-white Democratic Party? |
| | A) | 1892 |
| | B) | 1896 |
| | C) | 1901 |
| | D) | 1905 |
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| 8 | |
What was the goal of the Mississippi Plan, which set a precedent for other southern states? |
| | A) | to disfranchise blacks altogether, even if it meant also disfranchising some whites |
| | B) | to disfranchise blacks while keeping poor whites on the voter rolls |
| | C) | to demolish the Populist Party once and for all |
| | D) | to resurrect the Black Codes |
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| 9 | |
What was the cause of four days of rioting in Atlanta in 1906? |
| | A) | disfranchisement |
| | B) | the alleged rape of a white woman by a black man |
| | C) | the closing of all black schools |
| | D) | the election of a black representative to the state legislature |
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| 10 | |
Black litigants filed five cases that came before the U.S. Supreme Court as the Civil Rights Cases in 1883. The states from which the litigants came include all EXCEPT |
| | A) | California. |
| | B) | Missouri. |
| | C) | Tennessee. |
| | D) | Georgia. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of Plessy v. Ferguson? |
| | A) | Homer Plessy, the defendant, was a dark-skinned black man who, because of his high level of education and role as a black leader in New Orleans, was chosen to deliberately break the law. |
| | B) | Homer Plessy's actions were part of a test case, carefully designed by a committee and two lawyers, to challenge a segregation law. |
| | C) | The committee that organized the test case also presented a written protest to the Louisiana legislature within days of the state passing a separate car law for trains. |
| | D) | The Ferguson named in the case was the train detective who arrested Homer Plessy for riding in a whites-only car. |
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| 12 | |
When the U.S. Supreme Court decided the Plessy case and ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional, only Justice John Harlan dissented. Upon what did he base his dissent? |
| | A) | If states could mandate who could travel in train cars, couldn't they also legislate all other forms of public transportation? |
| | B) | If states could separate people because of race, then what would keep private establishments from doing so as well? |
| | C) | If states could separate people because of race, upon what other grounds might they also separate people? |
| | D) | If states could determine what was for "the public good" in this case, then wouldn't they be assuming what had been, until then, a federal decision? |
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| 13 | |
What was the purpose of laws such as the "nurses exemption"? |
| | A) | to allow blacks to cross the "color line" when whites needed them to do so |
| | B) | to allow blacks access to medical treatment in emergencies, even if they violated segregation laws |
| | C) | to allow black and white nursing students to attend the same schools, though in segregated classrooms, because nurses were desperately needed and there were not enough educational facilities |
| | D) | to allow black medical professionals to attend to white patients if no white medical professional was available |
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| 14 | |
How did Ida B. Wells, who later became famous for her antilynching crusade, contribute to challenging segregation laws? |
| | A) | She organized a committee in Memphis to bring a test case similar to Plessy. |
| | B) | She founded an organization that helped establish black newspapers in the South to keep rural black communities apprised of the challenges to segregation laws. |
| | C) | She sued a Tennessee railroad after she was literally thrown out of a "ladies' car." |
| | D) | She began a grassroots movement to organize black protesters who wanted to challenge segregation laws in interstate transportation. |
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| 15 | |
How did the U.S. gain control over the Hawaiian Islands? |
| | A) | by a joint resolution of Congress |
| | B) | as a result of the Spanish-American War |
| | C) | by a coup, led by pro-American forces |
| | D) | by treaty |
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| 16 | |
What incident set off the chain of events that culminated in war between Spain and the U.S. in 1891? |
| | A) | the actions of "Butcher" Weyler in Cuba |
| | B) | the impressive Cuban insurgency led by "The Black Thunderbolt" |
| | C) | the desperate cries for aid from the Puerto Rican population |
| | D) | the explosion aboard the battleship Maine |
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| 17 | |
What was the general reaction among the American black population when President McKinley called for volunteers to fight the Spanish? |
| | A) | apathy |
| | B) | enthusiastic support |
| | C) | grudging support |
| | D) | active protest |
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| 18 | |
How many black outfits were in the regular army at the beginning of the Spanish-American War, often referred to as "Buffalo Soldiers" because of the American Indian tribes they had encountered in the West? |
| | A) | none |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | four |
| | D) | eight |
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| 19 | |
In which Spanish-American War battle, it is claimed, did the black Ninth and Tenth Cavalries save the Rough Riders, led by Teddy Roosevelt, from complete annihilation? |
| | A) | El Caney |
| | B) | San Juan Hill |
| | C) | Las Guasimas |
| | D) | Guantánamo Bay |
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| 20 | |
How did Teddy Roosevelt react to the performance of black soldiers in the Spanish-American War? |
| | A) | He thanked them publicly and often for their service. |
| | B) | His level of praise changed with his audience. |
| | C) | He did not discuss their performance publicly, since he was afraid it would draw attention to problems in the segregated army. |
| | D) | He saw them merely as "support" for the real army. |
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| 21 | |
What segment of black America had the most negative reaction to America's post-war imperialist policies? |
| | A) | university professors, such as Kelly Miller at Howard University |
| | B) | journalists, such as John W. Cromwell |
| | C) | black soldiers stationed in the Philippines |
| | D) | black entrepreneurs who felt they were being left out of the scramble to make money in the newly acquired territory |
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| 22 | |
What special problem did race present as U.S. officials formulated policy about governance in its new territories? |
| | A) | Many of the people who lived in the areas that had come under U.S. control were considered black under the "one drop rule" that prevailed in the U.S. |
| | B) | Ongoing local insurgencies in the areas that had come under U.S. control often pitted blacks against whites, and the U.S. had to be careful in choosing sides. |
| | C) | Many of the people in power in the areas that had come under U.S. control were black and were determined not to give up that power. |
| | D) | Many of the wealthiest people in the areas that had come under U.S. control were black and had to be treated with respect. |
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| 23 | |
John M. Langston, J. E. W. Thompson, Frederick Douglass, and William F. Powell were all influential in spreading American influence in |
| | A) | Puerto Rico. |
| | B) | the Dutch West Indies, which became the U.S. Virgin Islands. |
| | C) | Liberia. |
| | D) | Haiti. |
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| 24 | |
W. E. B. Du Bois, in 1903, predicted that the problem of the "color line" would be the defining issue of the twentieth century. Where was the "color line" such a problem? |
| | A) | in the American South |
| | B) | in the territory the U.S. acquired during and after the Spanish-American War |
| | C) | throughout the world |
| | D) | in Africa |
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| 25 | |
How many African Americans were lynched in 1900? |
| | A) | fewer than 25 |
| | B) | about 36 |
| | C) | about 52 |
| | D) | more than 100 |
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| 26 | |
What Georgia town saw incredible violence against African Americans in the wake of the trial and conviction of two black men for murdering a white family? |
| | A) | Macon |
| | B) | Savannah |
| | C) | Statesboro |
| | D) | Athens |
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| 27 | |
In what city did a riot occur, in 1906, which resulted in many African Americans becoming convinced that President Roosevelt had no genuine interest in their fate? |
| | A) | Atlanta, Georgia |
| | B) | Brownsville, Texas |
| | C) | Statesboro, Georgia |
| | D) | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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| 28 | |
What city saw several occasions where black people were dragged off of streetcars and assaulted? |
| | A) | Philadelphia |
| | B) | Boston |
| | C) | New York |
| | D) | Atlanta |
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| 29 | |
What riot resulted in the use of 5,000 militiamen to patrol the streets, the lynching of two blacks, and the deaths of four whites in 1908? |
| | A) | Atlanta |
| | B) | Springfield |
| | C) | Memphis |
| | D) | Statesboro |
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| 30 | |
What best describes the only group or institution to which black Americans could turn for assistance at the beginning of the twentieth century? |
| | A) | themselves |
| | B) | local governments |
| | C) | the churches |
| | D) | the Republican Party |
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