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| 1 | |
Which of the following best describes the situation of most farmers during the period of general prosperity in the U.S. in the 1920s? |
| | A) | better than any other market sector |
| | B) | bleak |
| | C) | about on par with the rest of the economy |
| | D) | dependent upon their crop; cotton was profitable, grains were not |
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| 2 | |
What was among the intended results of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933? |
| | A) | More tenant farmers were evicted from their land. |
| | B) | Landowners had incentive to plant less. |
| | C) | Black tenant farmers did not benefit from the act. |
| | D) | Southern urbanization was hastened. |
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| 3 | |
When were signs of the Great Depression first felt by black urban dwellers? |
| | A) | in the early 1920s |
| | B) | in the mid-1920s |
| | C) | not until well into the 1930s |
| | D) | immediately after the actual crash in October, 1929 |
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| 4 | |
Where did the Jobs-for-Negroes movement begin, when the Urban League led a boycott against a white-owned chain store whose trade was almost exclusively black but had no black employees? |
| | A) | Chicago |
| | B) | St. Louis |
| | C) | Cleveland |
| | D) | New York |
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| 5 | |
Blacks protesting to try to gain black jobs at white-owned establishments typically employed boycotts, but also began using pickets. How did a 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision affect this tactic? |
| | A) | The Court declared that picketing was a legal technique for securing relief. |
| | B) | The Court declared that picketing was not a legal technique for securing relief. |
| | C) | The Court declared that, while picketing was legal, if damages resulted, the entity being picketed could demand reparations. |
| | D) | The Court refused to rule, leaving the question of picketing's legality open to local interpretation. |
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| 6 | |
Why did some blacks begin to question their allegiance to the Republican Party in 1928? |
| | A) | The party attempted to build a strong party in the South, obviously preferring to court white voters over black ones. |
| | B) | Herbert Hoover, the Republican candidate, was openly anti-black throughout his campaign. |
| | C) | The Republican leadership declared they no longer wanted to be called "the party of Lincoln," stating that the former president's image did not represent their current or future goals. |
| | D) | Democratic candidate Al Smith, an "outsider" because he was Catholic, appealed to African Americans as fellow outsiders. |
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| 7 | |
What was the bright spot in the 1928 election, which Hoover won, for African Americans? |
| | A) | The election was incredibly close, and Republicans began to see the value of black votes. |
| | B) | Al Smith, though he lost the election, was a powerful man who vowed to show black voters his appreciation of their support in any way he could. |
| | C) | Oscar DePriest, a black Republican, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois. |
| | D) | There was no bright spot; the election signaled the end of the African American alliance with the Republican Party. |
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| 8 | |
In the election of 1932, well into the Depression, how did the majority of black voters vote? |
| | A) | They shifted their alliances, and a bit over fifty percent voted for Franklin Roosevelt, the Democratic candidate. |
| | B) | They "boycotted" the election to signal their dissatisfaction with either party, though in reality more than fifty percent of eligible voters did vote, mostly for Hoover. |
| | C) | They reacted to the Republicans' blatant courting of the black vote (Hoover admitted he needed their votes) and almost all black voters voted Republican. |
| | D) | More and more black voters began to blame Hoover for the Depression, but there was still no commitment to the Democrats, so more than two-thirds of black voters voted Republican. |
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| 9 | |
By 1934, 17 percent of whites were officially identified as incapable of self-support. What percentage of the black population fell into this category? |
| | A) | 21 |
| | B) | 34 |
| | C) | 41 |
| | D) | 9 |
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| 10 | |
Who was the first black Democrat to sit in Congress after his 1934 election to represent Illinois? |
| | A) | Oscar DePriest |
| | B) | Julian Rainey |
| | C) | Arthur W. Mitchell |
| | D) | William T. Thompkins |
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| 11 | |
By the 1936 presidential campaign, the majority of black voters |
| | A) | heartily supported Roosevelt. |
| | B) | were torn between their admiration of Roosevelt personally and their commitment to "the party of Lincoln." |
| | C) | were so marginalized by both parties that they did not plan to participate in the upcoming election. |
| | D) | held firm to their commitment to the Republicans. |
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| 12 | |
In many ways, Roosevelt's wife Eleanor was even more active than he was in appealing to black voters. What was one of her most powerful statements against segregation, made in 1939? |
| | A) | She was photographed while being escorted by two ROTC cadets at Howard University. |
| | B) | She befriended black-women's club leader Mary McLeod Bethune. |
| | C) | She invited the National Council of Negro Women to tea at the White House. |
| | D) | She resigned from the Daughters of the American Revolution when they refused to grant permission for black singer Marian Anderson to perform in the DAR's Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following best describes the political reality for black Americans in the late 1930s and into the 1940s? |
| | A) | Their new political power was limited to national politics; racism was still too entrenched for any progress at the state and local levels. |
| | B) | The majority moved away from supporting Roosevelt by the 1940 election, referring to the New Deal as the "Dirty Deal," since Roosevelt had not lived up to his promise. |
| | C) | Blacks in rural areas generally enjoyed more political clout than those in urban areas, since small towns were more conducive to "grassroots" politics. |
| | D) | African Americans manifested their political strength at the national, state, and local levels. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of Roosevelt's black cabinet? |
| | A) | They were not politicians but highly intelligent people, with extensive training that made them suitable for specific functions. |
| | B) | There were twelve members, often called "Roosevelt's Dozen." |
| | C) | They had access to the president himself. |
| | D) | They were placed in positions of sufficient importance that both the government and the black population generally regarded their appointments as significant. |
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| 15 | |
What African American was the first black to be the racial advisor in the Department of the Interior; served in the Federal Housing Authority, the Office of Emergency Management, and the War Manpower Commission; and, in 1966, became the first African American cabinet officer? |
| | A) | Robert L. Vann |
| | B) | William H. Hastie |
| | C) | Robert C. Weaver |
| | D) | Eugene Kinckle Jones |
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| 16 | |
Against what injustice did the Southern Tenant Farmers Union organize? |
| | A) | the unjust distribution of AAA funds |
| | B) | the fact that farmers were excluded from minimum-wage laws |
| | C) | the fact that none of the New Deal's agricultural programs had code enforcement |
| | D) | the plowing under of wheat crops when Americans were going hungry |
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| 17 | |
What New Deal program allowed thousands of African Americans to purchase land for the first time in their lives? |
| | A) | the RA |
| | B) | the AAA |
| | C) | the FSA |
| | D) | the NYA |
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| 18 | |
What labor organization was founded in 1936 and was committed to organizing workers regardless of race? |
| | A) | the AFL |
| | B) | the CIO |
| | C) | the STFU |
| | D) | the IWW |
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| 19 | |
What does the text cite as perhaps the most dramatic example of interracial labor activism on a grassroots level, an organization that had 30,000 members in four states by 1939? |
| | A) | the AFL |
| | B) | the CIO |
| | C) | the STFU |
| | D) | the IWW |
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| 20 | |
With what party did rural blacks ally by forming the Share Croppers' Union? |
| | A) | the Democratic Party |
| | B) | the Republican Party |
| | C) | the Green Party |
| | D) | the Communist Party USA |
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| 21 | |
What organization played a pivotal role in the defense of the Scottsboro and Herndon cases? |
| | A) | the Communist-affiliated International Labor Defense |
| | B) | the NAACP Legal Fund |
| | C) | the Urban League |
| | D) | the National Negro Congress |
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| 22 | |
Who led the National Negro Congress, an organization affiliated with the Popular Front movement of international communism? |
| | A) | Charlotte Hawkins Brown |
| | B) | Mordecai Johnson |
| | C) | A. Philip Randolph |
| | D) | James E. Jackson, Jr. |
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| 23 | |
Who was the director of the Harlem Community Arts Center, established under the WPA? |
| | A) | William Johnson |
| | B) | Augusta Savage |
| | C) | Paul Robeson |
| | D) | Arthur Schomburg |
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| 24 | |
What artist won the Harmon Foundation competition's gold medal for Negro artists? |
| | A) | William Johnson |
| | B) | Augusta Savage |
| | C) | Paul Robeson |
| | D) | Arthur Schomburg |
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| 25 | |
Who played "Mammy" in Gone with the Wind and was the first black actor, in 1939, to win an Oscar, and the only one to do so until Sidney Poitier in 1964? |
| | A) | Louise Beavers |
| | B) | Hattie McDaniel |
| | C) | Lena Horne |
| | D) | Butterfly McQueen |
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| 26 | |
What two actors most openly opposed the treatment of blacks by the Hollywood film industry in this era? |
| | A) | Lena Horne and Paul Robeson |
| | B) | Ethel Waters and Bill "Bojangles" Robinson |
| | C) | Hattie McDaniel and Eddie "Rochester" Anderson |
| | D) | Louise Beavers and John "Bubbles" Sublett |
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| 27 | |
What does the text identify as the artistic field in which African American influence was the most diverse and culturally transformative? |
| | A) | music |
| | B) | literature, especially poetry |
| | C) | the theatre arts |
| | D) | the visual arts, especially painting |
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| 28 | |
What African American singer, who returned to the U.S. in 1935, was acclaimed the greatest living contralto? |
| | A) | Dorothy Maynor |
| | B) | Carol Brice |
| | C) | Ann Brown |
| | D) | Marian Anderson |
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| 29 | |
What jazz form was most popular from roughly 1935 until the end of World War II? |
| | A) | big band swing |
| | B) | New Orleans jazz |
| | C) | Chicago jazz |
| | D) | jazz fusion |
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| 30 | |
Who helped change the image of the black female singer from rough entertainer to refined artist? |
| | A) | Ethel Waters |
| | B) | Billie Holiday |
| | C) | Bessie Smith |
| | D) | Lena Horne |
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