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| 1 | |
Who wrote that "no other subject can so well illustrate the insincerity of our doctrines of human equality and the great disparity between our political theory and our social practices as that of race"? |
| | A) | Gunnar Myrdal |
| | B) | W. E. B. Du Bois |
| | C) | Ralph Bunche |
| | D) | Langston Hughes |
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| 2 | |
In 1940s America, what was the prevailing theme in race relations? |
| | A) | assimilation |
| | B) | agitation |
| | C) | separation |
| | D) | black power |
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| 3 | |
What theory did anthropologist Franz Boaz and others begin to challenge by the 1940s? |
| | A) | that assimilation was the best racial practice |
| | B) | that segregation was the best racial practice |
| | C) | that race was a biological construct |
| | D) | that race was a social construct |
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| 4 | |
Whose research represents the first significant exploration and analysis of the African diaspora? |
| | A) | Franz Boas |
| | B) | Melville Herskovits |
| | C) | Carter G. Woodson |
| | D) | Guy B. Johnson |
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| 5 | |
What Harvard-trained scholar, who founded the Journal of Negro History, is today known as the Father of Black History? |
| | A) | Walter White |
| | B) | W. E. B. Du Bois |
| | C) | Carter G. Woodson |
| | D) | Lorenzo Dow Turner |
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| 6 | |
Why did so many black leaders, many of them intellectuals, so firmly dismiss the culturalist perspective advocated by Herskovits, Woodson, and others? |
| | A) | They saw it as a distraction from the struggle for inclusion in American life. |
| | B) | They thought its scientific foundation, established by Herskovits, was unsound. |
| | C) | They thought it was a "white" idea. |
| | D) | They feared it would increase white fears of "miscegenation." |
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| 7 | |
What black author was a communist supporter in the 1930s, wrote Native Son, and believed that it was the black author's role to represent the voice and oppressive conditions of the working class? |
| | A) | James Baldwin |
| | B) | Richard Wright |
| | C) | Ralph Ellison |
| | D) | Arna Bontemps |
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| 8 | |
What black poet won the Pulitzer Prize for Annie Allen, was poet laureate of Illinois, poet in residence at the Library of Congress, and poet laureate of the U.S.? |
| | A) | Owen Dodson |
| | B) | Margaret Walker |
| | C) | Gwendolyn Brooks |
| | D) | Arna Bontemps |
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| 9 | |
Who wrote Invisible Man, a complex and sophisticated insight into race problems and their effects on black people, which won the National Book Award in 1952? |
| | A) | James Baldwin |
| | B) | Richard Wright |
| | C) | Ralph Ellison |
| | D) | Arna Bontemps |
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| 10 | |
What famous play was written by Lorraine Hansberry and depicted the housing problems of an African American family, something Hansberry knew first-hand? |
| | A) | A Raisin in the Sun |
| | B) | On Whitman Avenue |
| | C) | Deep are the Roots |
| | D) | Blues for Mister Charlie |
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| 11 | |
What African country became the focus of an international movement calling for its independence after it was invaded by Italy in October 1935? |
| | A) | Kenya |
| | B) | Congo |
| | C) | Ethiopia |
| | D) | Sierra Leone |
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| 12 | |
What was goal of the "rising wind" that Walter White described in 1945? |
| | A) | freedom from colonial rule |
| | B) | freedom from racism |
| | C) | artistic freedom |
| | D) | freedom of speech |
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| 13 | |
In the U.S. black community, what organization, co-founded by Paul Robeson and Max Yergan, was the foremost organization that kept the American public apprised of anticolonial activities in Africa? |
| | A) | the African National Congress |
| | B) | the Council on African Affairs |
| | C) | the National Negro Congress |
| | D) | the Civil Rights Congress |
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| 14 | |
What document of the early postwar era included language that referenced the promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms "without distinction to race, language, or religion"? |
| | A) | UNESCO's charter |
| | B) | the UN charter |
| | C) | the Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| | D) | the Yalta Agreement |
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| 15 | |
Whose 1935 work stated that "the word 'race' should be banished, and the descriptive and non-committal term ethnic groups should be substituted"? |
| | A) | Gunnar Myrdal |
| | B) | Ralph Bunche |
| | C) | Julian Huxley and A.C. Haddon |
| | D) | Ashley Montagu |
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| 16 | |
What American was appointed to serve as director of the Trusteeship Division of the UN and was also the first African American to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in mediating the armistice that halted the 1948 Arab-Israeli War? |
| | A) | Charles Hamilton Houston |
| | B) | Ralph Bunche |
| | C) | Julian Huxley |
| | D) | Ashley Montagu |
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| 17 | |
Who authored An Appeal to the World, which accused the U.S. of violating black human rights and called on the nations of the world for redress? |
| | A) | Charles Hamilton Houston |
| | B) | Ralph Bunche |
| | C) | W. E. B. Du Bois |
| | D) | Ashley Montagu |
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| 18 | |
How did the Appeal, a 1948 NAACP booklet, characterize racism in Mississippi? |
| | A) | as a larger threat to the U.S. than the Soviet Union was |
| | B) | as comparable to apartheid in South Africa |
| | C) | as violating international law |
| | D) | as a problem of people of color all over the world. |
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| 19 | |
American leftists in general were increasingly under governmental and popular attack as the Cold War continued into the 1950s. How did this affect W. E. B. Du Bois? |
| | A) | The U.S. government denied his passport and he moved to Ghana, where he died in 1963. |
| | B) | He was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee to testify. |
| | C) | He was singled out as the "most dangerous black man in America" by the popular press. |
| | D) | He recanted communism and became an anticommunist black conservative. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following people was NOT among the Howard University professors who were primarily responsible for the NAACP's new economic focus in the 1930s? |
| | A) | Ralph Bunche |
| | B) | Abram Harris |
| | C) | Charles Hamilton Houston |
| | D) | E. Franklin Frazier |
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| 21 | |
Black workers perceived a different relationship to what auto maker than most whites did? (This auto maker had actually recruited black workers in the South and worked closely with black churches.) |
| | A) | Ford |
| | B) | General Motors |
| | C) | Chevy |
| | D) | Chrysler |
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| 22 | |
For what is Jackie Robinson most remembered? |
| | A) | He hired the first black baseball player in the major leagues. |
| | B) | He was the first black baseball player in the major leagues. |
| | C) | He was the first person to make public the idea of bringing a black player into the major leagues. |
| | D) | He was the first black major-league baseball player to win the MVP trophy. |
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| 23 | |
What was Operation Dixie? |
| | A) | a CIO unionization drive that lasted from 1946 to 1953 in the South |
| | B) | the campaign necessary to "merge" AFL and CIO southern union workers after the national merger of the two unions in 1955 |
| | C) | the Democratic Party's drive to register black voters in the South |
| | D) | the CIO's drive to unionize, specifically, black southern tobacco workers, long an agricultural market that had resisted unionization |
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| 24 | |
When was integration of the U.S. armed forces implemented? |
| | A) | in 1948 |
| | B) | in 1949 |
| | C) | during the Korean War |
| | D) | during the Cuban Missile Crisis |
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| 25 | |
Who were the Dixiecrats? |
| | A) | a minor third party in the 1948 election that supported the nomination of a black presidential candidate |
| | B) | conservative southern Democrats who were so angered by Truman's Fair Deal policies that they walked out of the 1948 convention and nominated their own candidate |
| | C) | black southern Democrats |
| | D) | liberal southern Democrats who were determined to support Truman's Fair Deal despite massive opposition in the South |
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| 26 | |
Who was the one person most responsible for the NAACP's strategy of using the court system to fight for black rights? |
| | A) | Charles Hamilton Houston |
| | B) | Thurgood Marshall |
| | C) | Robert L. Carter |
| | D) | Charles Evans Hughes |
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| 27 | |
What was the result of the ruling in Smith v. Allwright (1944)? |
| | A) | restrictive housing covenants were overturned |
| | B) | the Texas white primary was outlawed |
| | C) | racial discrimination in firefighters' unions was outlawed. |
| | D) | for the first time, a U.S. public school was forcibly desegregated |
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| 28 | |
Where did the fight for equal educational opportunities begin? |
| | A) | with kindergartens |
| | B) | with grammar schools |
| | C) | with high schools |
| | D) | with institutes of higher education |
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| 29 | |
When was the historic Brown v. Board of Education case decided? |
| | A) | 1950 |
| | B) | 1952 |
| | C) | 1954 |
| | D) | 1956 |
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| 30 | |
What did the Brown II decision require? |
| | A) | that schools be desegregated with "all deliberate speed" |
| | B) | that schools be desegregated immediately or the states in which they were located would lose federal funding |
| | C) | that federal troops be used to forcibly desegregate schools |
| | D) | that the Justice Department oversee the "management" of desegregation in the South |
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