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| 1 | |
When Europeans first began to explore the New World, Africans |
| | A) | played a variety of roles, as explorers, servants, and slaves. |
| | B) | played no part; European contact with Africa was very limited. |
| | C) | played a part only as slaves to the European explorers, and then only rarely. |
| | D) | None of these answers is correct. |
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| 2 | |
African-born Juan Garrido traveled with Hernando Cortés to Mexico and |
| | A) | planted the first wheat crop in the New World. |
| | B) | also accompanied Juan Ponce de Leon on two expeditions to Florida. |
| | C) | was granted land in Mexico. |
| | D) | All these answers are correct. |
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| 3 | |
What was the earliest source of slave labor in the New World, once European settlements were established to exploit natural resources and grow agricultural crops? |
| | A) | indigenous peoples |
| | B) | Africans |
| | C) | indentured servants, mostly of European heritage |
| | D) | none of these; slave labor was not used in early New World enterprises |
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| 4 | |
Why did Catholic friar Bartolomé de las Casas suggest increasing the use of African slaves in the New World? |
| | A) | He believed that indentured servants, the only other source of forced labor at the time, were inherently inefficient, since they knew they would soon complete their indentures. |
| | B) | He had witnessed the efficient use of African slaves on the Portuguese-controlled island of São Tomé. |
| | C) | He believed it violated Catholic doctrine to enslave lighter-skinned indigenous Americans. |
| | D) | He was concerned about the toll of harsh working conditions and European diseases on the native population. |
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| 5 | |
The use of white indentured labor in the New World was especially favored by the |
| | A) | Portuguese. |
| | B) | Spanish. |
| | C) | English. |
| | D) | French. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following best identifies the primary reason Europeans ultimately decided upon the use of African slave labor in the New World? |
| | A) | religious |
| | B) | economic |
| | C) | societal |
| | D) | moral |
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| 7 | |
European slave-trading posts known as ________ were installed in fortifications along the African coast. |
| | A) | embarkations |
| | B) | markets |
| | C) | factories |
| | D) | collectives |
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| 8 | |
Europeans acquired most of their African slaves using which of the following methods? |
| | A) | negotiation with local merchants |
| | B) | raids on native villages |
| | C) | by purchasing them from the African government |
| | D) | enclosure |
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| 9 | |
Sales accounts from the middle of the eighteenth century reveal that the average price to pay for a slave along the western coast of Africa was approximately which of the following amounts? |
| | A) | £20 sterling |
| | B) | £500 sterling |
| | C) | £800 sterling |
| | D) | £1,500 sterling |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following terms denotes an agent of one of the many African rulers who would be directly responsible for gathering and providing slaves for sale to Europeans? |
| | A) | viceroy |
| | B) | caboceer |
| | C) | equiano |
| | D) | slaver |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is the term for the "vague malady" of the slaves, typically including diarrhea, from which whites on board the slave ships were less likely to suffer? |
| | A) | "scarlet fever" |
| | B) | smallpox |
| | C) | typhoid |
| | D) | "the flux" |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following represents the best current estimate of the number of Africans brought to America via the "middle passage"? |
| | A) | 3 million |
| | B) | 8 million |
| | C) | 12 million |
| | D) | 30 million |
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| 13 | |
Early in the sixteenth century, which of the following European powers had almost an exclusive claim on the Caribbean islands? |
| | A) | France |
| | B) | Holland |
| | C) | Spain |
| | D) | Portugal |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a Caribbean island with the European power controlling it by the seventeenth century? |
| | A) | Grenada – France |
| | B) | Barbados – Portugal |
| | C) | St. Thomas – England |
| | D) | Jamaica – Denmark |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following was the largest cash crop produced by slave agriculture in the seventeenth-century Caribbean islands? |
| | A) | cotton |
| | B) | sugar cane |
| | C) | bananas |
| | D) | sweet potatoes |
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| 16 | |
In the Caribbean islands of the eighteenth century, the growing discrepancy in the increasing slave populations versus the stable white populations prompted the adoption of various ________ by the European powers. |
| | A) | Jim Crow laws |
| | B) | slave codes |
| | C) | sterilization measures |
| | D) | civil rights legislation |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following was the most typical punishment inflicted on slaves of the Caribbean islands plantations? |
| | A) | starvation |
| | B) | branding |
| | C) | flogging |
| | D) | exposure to the elements |
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| 18 | |
Fugitive slaves who attempted to create their own separate communities were referred to using which of the following terms? |
| | A) | mulattoes |
| | B) | mestizos |
| | C) | Maroons |
| | D) | caboceers |
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| 19 | |
Tacky's Rebellion of 1760 occurred on which of the following Caribbean islands? |
| | A) | Grand Bahama |
| | B) | Jamaica |
| | C) | Barbados |
| | D) | St. Croix |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following was a successful and frequent psychological technique of many slave masters on the islands and the North American and South American mainland to thwart insurrection or suicide attempts among their slaves through an appeal to their spirituality? |
| | A) | allowing the practice of native religions |
| | B) | placing severed heads of errant slaves of the ends of poles |
| | C) | separation of families |
| | D) | misogyny |
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| 21 | |
The "Black Messiah" was an African slave named Macandal who—in the mid-seventeenth century—plotted an overthrow of the white population of which Caribbean island? |
| | A) | Saint Domingue |
| | B) | St. Croix |
| | C) | St. Thomas |
| | D) | St. Vincent |
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| 22 | |
African slaves who had not been through the process of "seasoning" were called |
| | A) | unripe blacks. |
| | B) | mainland blacks. |
| | C) | freshwater blacks. |
| | D) | saltwater blacks. |
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| 23 | |
African slaves were initially brought to the mainland of both North and South America by which of the following European powers? |
| | A) | Denmark |
| | B) | Portugal |
| | C) | Spain |
| | D) | France |
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| 24 | |
African slaves were imported as early as 1524 into which of the following present-day Central American countries? |
| | A) | Guatemala |
| | B) | Honduras |
| | C) | Belize |
| | D) | Costa Rica |
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| 25 | |
African slaves were imported into South America through the present-day countries of Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, which were collectively known as ________ in the seventeenth century. |
| | A) | New Spain |
| | B) | New Granada |
| | C) | the Viceroyalty of New Spain |
| | D) | the Viceroyalty of Peru |
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| 26 | |
The western coastal region of South America was supplied with African slaves through which of the following cities? |
| | A) | Lima |
| | B) | Cartagena |
| | C) | Caracas |
| | D) | Guatemala City |
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| 27 | |
The seventeenth-century Portuguese had their largest New World foothold in which of the following present-day countries? |
| | A) | Brazil |
| | B) | Peru |
| | C) | Jamaica |
| | D) | Panama |
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| 28 | |
The act of freeing slaves from their literal and figurative bonds is called |
| | A) | emancipation. |
| | B) | abolition. |
| | C) | manumission. |
| | D) | indenture. |
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| 29 | |
Most ________ slaves were allowed the latitude to read, write, and officially marry. |
| | A) | African |
| | B) | Catholic |
| | C) | North American |
| | D) | seasoned |
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| 30 | |
Which of the following countries or regions consumed the largest percentage of African slaves brought to the New World? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | the Caribbean |
| | C) | Brazil |
| | D) | Mexico |
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