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| 1 | |
Which of the following is NOT a documented benefit of restorative justice conferences and teen courts? |
| | A) | they create a more supportive community for offending juveniles |
| | B) | they provide cost savings because of the heavy reliance on volunteers |
| | C) | they are effective at reducing recidivism |
| | D) | all of the above are benefits |
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| 2 | |
For which of the following types of blended sentences may a juvenile court impose both juvenile and adult correctional sanctions and suspend the adult sanction pending a violation and revocation? |
| | A) | juvenile-exclusive blend |
| | B) | juvenile-inclusive blend |
| | C) | juvenile-contiguous blend |
| | D) | criminal-inclusive blend |
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| 3 | |
For which of the following types of blended sentences may the criminal court impose both juvenile and adult correctional sanctions, then suspend the adult sanction and only reinstate it if the terms of the juvenile sanction are violated and revoked? |
| | A) | juvenile-exclusive blend |
| | B) | juvenile-contiguous blend |
| | C) | criminal-inclusive blend |
| | D) | criminal-exclusive blend |
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| 4 | |
In what year was the House of Refuge, the first correctional institution specifically for youths, established in New York City? |
| | A) | 1791 (too early |
| | B) | 1825 |
| | C) | 1841 |
| | D) | 1899 |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following was NOT a part of the daily regimen in houses of refuge? |
| | A) | military drill |
| | B) | enforced silence |
| | C) | religious training |
| | D) | all of the above were parts of the daily regimen |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following institutions was advocated by the "child savers"? |
| | A) | the juvenile court |
| | B) | the house of refuge |
| | C) | the reform school |
| | D) | the training school |
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| 7 | |
In which of the following cases was the doctrine of parens patriae first given judicial endorsement? |
| | A) | Ex parte Crouse |
| | B) | People v. Turner |
| | C) | Commonwealth v. Fisher |
| | D) | Kent v. United States |
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| 8 | |
In which of the following cases did an Illinois Supreme Court hold that, because placement in the house of refuge actually was punishment, due process protections were necessary? |
| | A) | Ex parte Crouse |
| | B) | People v. Turner |
| | C) | Commonwealth v. Fisher |
| | D) | Kent v. United States |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the early juvenile court's informality? |
| | A) | complaints against children were made by almost anyone in the community |
| | B) | hearings were held in offices instead of traditional court rooms |
| | C) | hearings were open to the public |
| | D) | few if any records were kept of hearings |
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| 10 | |
In which of the following cases did the Pennsylvania Supreme Court confirm its earlier ruling that the state may intervene in families if parents are unable or unwilling to prevent their children from engaging in crime, when it upheld a youth's 7-year sentence for larceny? |
| | A) | Ex parte Crouse |
| | B) | People v. Turner |
| | C) | Commonwealth v. Fisher |
| | D) | Kent v. United States |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following cases set the legal tone for the juvenile court from its beginnings until the mid-1960s? |
| | A) | Ex parte Crouse |
| | B) | People v. Turner |
| | C) | Commonwealth v. Fisher |
| | D) | Kent v. United States |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following cases was the first major ruling by the U. S. Supreme Court that examined closely the operation of the juvenile courts and made clear the need for due-process protections for juveniles who were being transferred to criminal court for trial? |
| | A) | Ex parte Crouse |
| | B) | People v. Turner |
| | C) | Commonwealth v. Fisher |
| | D) | Kent v. United States |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following due process protections was NOT extended to juveniles in In re Gault? |
| | A) | right against compelled self-incrimination |
| | B) | right of adequate notice of charges against them |
| | C) | right to a jury trial |
| | D) | right to assistance of counsel |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following factors is the most important in the police decision to arrest juveniles? |
| | A) | offense seriousness |
| | B) | youths' demeanor |
| | C) | complainants' wishes |
| | D) | offenders' race and social class |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is the most frequently used correctional response to youths who are adjudicated in juvenile courts? |
| | A) | diversion |
| | B) | probation |
| | C) | foster care and group home placement |
| | D) | incarceration |
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| 16 | |
Although the waiver process varies from state to state, what must the prosecutor show at the typical waiver hearing in most states? |
| | A) | that a youth presents a threat to the community |
| | B) | that existing juvenile treatment programs would not be appropriate |
| | C) | that programs within the adult system would be more appropriate |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT a development in the area of transferring juvenile cases to criminal courts? |
| | A) | an increase in the rate of juvenile cases transferred |
| | B) | lower maximum age for the juvenile courts in some states |
| | C) | simplification of the transfer process in some states |
| | D) | all of the above are developments |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following orders may a juvenile court NOT enter at the disposition? |
| | A) | parents to attend counseling or a substance abuse treatment program |
| | B) | a boyfriend to move out of the house |
| | C) | parents to clean up their house |
| | D) | all of the above may be entered |
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| 19 | |
When did home confinement employing electronic monitoring begin to be used with juvenile offenders? |
| | A) | 1970s |
| | B) | 1980s |
| | C) | 1990s |
| | D) | home confinement employing electronic monitoring has never been used with juvenile offenders |
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| 20 | |
A _____ is an order of the court specifying what is to be done with a juvenile who has been adjudicated delinquent; it is similar to a sentence in criminal courts. |
| | A) | petition |
| | B) | waiver |
| | C) | disposition |
| | D) | writ of delinquency |
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| 21 | |
_____ are acts that are not crimes when committed by adults but are illegal for children (e.g., truancy, running away from home). |
| | A) | victimless offenses |
| | B) | status offenses |
| | C) | public order offenses |
| | D) | youthful indiscretions |
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| 22 | |
The first specialized correctional institutions for youths in the United States were the _____. |
| | A) | cottage reformatories |
| | B) | houses of refuge |
| | C) | day treatment centers |
| | D) | foster homes |
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| 23 | |
A practice based on the idea that youths should be left alone if at all possible instead of being formally processed is _____. |
| | A) | informal juvenile justice |
| | B) | parens patriae |
| | C) | placing out |
| | D) | radical nonintervention |
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| 24 | |
A legal form of the police complaint that specifies the charges to be heard at the adjudication is called the ________. |
| | A) | disposition |
| | B) | indictment |
| | C) | petition |
| | D) | information |
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| 25 | |
The process by which decisions are made about the continued processing of a juvenile case is called _________. Decisions might include dismissing the case, referring the youth to a diversion program, or filing a petition. |
| | A) | adjudication |
| | B) | intake screening |
| | C) | disposition |
| | D) | petition |
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