Approach Your Reading with a Reflective and Questioning Attitude
Preview the Material
Do a First Reading
Reread and Study
A Sample Marked Essay
Keeping a Reading Journal
Summarizing
The Purpose of Summaries
Suggestions for Writing a Summary
A Sample Summary
Synthesizing
The Purpose of Synthesis
Suggestions for Synthesizing Information
A Sample Synthesis
Strategies for Critical Reading of Visual Material
Charts and Graphs
Photographs and Advertisements
Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book
2. Planning an Essay and Using the Patterns of Development
Considering Your Writing Context
Purpose
Audience
The Writer’s Role
Generating Ideas
Shaping a Writing Topic
Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic
Developing a Thesis
Location of the Thesis
Qualities of an Effective Thesis
How to Compose Your Thesis
Ordering Ideas
Outlining
Using the Patterns of Development
Gail Godwin, The Watcher at the Gates
3. Writing and Rewriting
Writing Your First Draft
Essay Structure
The Introduction
Body Paragraphs
Using Visual Material for Support
The Conclusion
The Title
Visualizing an Essay
Revising Your Draft
Tips for Revising
Revising with Peer Review
Editing Your Draft
Proofreading the Final Copy
Annotated Student Essay: The Not-So-Ideal Male
Paul Roberts, How to Say Nothing in 500 Words
4. Description
The Pattern
Using Description for a Purpose
Description in College, at Work, in the Community
Deciding on a Dominant Impression
Supporting Details
Objective and Expressive Details
Descriptive Words
Similes and Metaphors
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Description
Checklist for Revising Description
Annotated Student Essay: The Gendarme
*M. Scott Momaday, The Homestead on Rainy Mountain Creek
Alfred Kazin, My Neighborhood
*Rick Bass, A Winter’s Tale
Annie Dillard, The Deer at Providencia
Gretel Ehrlich, Struck by Lightning
Alberto Riós, The Vietnam Wall
Additional Writing Assignments
5. Narration
The Pattern
Using Narration for a Purpose
Narration in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Writing Dialogue
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Narration
Checklist for Revising Narration
Annotated Student Essay: The Family Reunion, Revisited
*Chris Abani, The Lottery
Langston Hughes, Salvation
*William Glaberson, Seeking Justice after a Fatal Spin of the Cylinder
Natalie Kusz, Ring Leader
Jean Shepherd, Lost at C
Lee K. Abbott, The View of Me from Mars
Additional Essay Assignments
6. Exemplification
The Pattern
Using Exemplification for a Purpose
Exemplification in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Hypothetical Examples
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Exemplification
Checklist for Revising Exemplification
*Annotated Student Essay: Food for Thought
*Cullen Murphy, Lifosuction
Trip Gabriel, Computers Help Unite Campuses but Also Drive Some Students Apart
Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination
Barbara Ehrenreich, What I Learned from Men: Lessons for a Full-Grown Feminist
Jonathan Kozol, Untouchables
*Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
Additional Essay Assignments
7. Process Analysis
The Pattern
Using Process Analysis for a Purpose
Process Analysis in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing a Process Analysis
Checklist for Revising a Process Analysis
Annotated Student Essay: A Visit to Candyland
Miklós Vámos, How I’ll Become an American
Diane Cole, Don’t Just Stand There
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., In the Kitchen
Timothy Harper, Shoot to Kill
Jessica Mitford, Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain
*Naomi Shihab Nye, The Traveling Onion
Additional Essay Assignments
8. Comparison-Contrast
The Pattern
Using Comparison-Contrast for a Purpose
Comparison-Contrast in College, at Work, in the Community
Choosing Subjects
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Comparison-Contrast
Checklist for Revising Comparison-Contrast
Annotated Student Essay: Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks
Bruce Catton, Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts
Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People
*Nicholas D. Kristof, In Japan, Nice Boys (and Girls) Finish Together
Alice Walker, Am I Blue?
Deborah Tannen, Squeaky Wheels and Protruding Nails: Direct and Indirect Speech
Arthur L. Campa, Anglo vs. Chicano: Why?
*Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Additional Essay Assignments
9. Cause-and-Effect Analysis
The Pattern
Using Cause-and-Effect Analysis for a Purpose
Cause-and-Effect Analysis in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Avoiding Errors in Logic
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Checklist for Revising Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Annotated Student Essay: Why Athletes Use Steroids
*Andrew Sullivan, Why the M Word Matters to Me
*James Surowiecki, Paying to Play
Eyal Press, Fouled Out
Brent Staples, Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
Calvin Trillin, It’s Just Too Late
Leslie Marmon Silko, Lullaby
Additional Essay Assignments
10. Classification and Division
The Pattern
Using Classification-Division for a Purpose
Classification-Division in College, at Work, in the Community
The Ordering Principle for Classification-Division
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Classification-Division
Checklist for Revising Classification-Division
Annotated Student Essay: Strictly Speaking
Sissela Bok, White Lies
Martin Luther King, Jr. The Ways of Meeting Oppression
David Bodanis, What’s In Your Toothpaste?
William Zinsser, College Pressures
Desmond Morris, Territorial Behavior
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Additional Essay Assignments
11. Definition
The Pattern
Using Definition for a Purpose
Definition in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Definition
Checklist for Revising Definition
*Annotated Student Essay: Why did the Chicken Cross the Möbius Strip?
Judy Brady, Want a Wife
*Jonathan Rauch, Caring for Your Introvert
Jo Goodwin Parker, What Is Poverty?
Malcolm Gladwell, The Art of Failure
Elie Wiesel, To Be a Jew
Pat Mora, Immigrants
Additional Writing Assignments
12. The Law and Society: A Casebook for Argumentation-Persuasion
The Difference between Argumentation and Persuasion
Purpose and Audience
Argumentation-Persuasion in College, at Work, in the Community
Supporting Details
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
How Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Relate to Purpose and Audience
Raising and Countering Objections
The Toulmin Model
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Induction
Deduction
Organizing Argumentation-Persuasion
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Argumentation-Persuasion
Checklist for Revising Argumentation-Persuasion
*Annotated Student Essay: Cast Out of Kansas: Music Censorship in Public Libraries
Should the the Law Allow Cloning of Embryonic Stem Cells?
*Jeremy Rifkin, Why I Oppose Human Cloning
*Raymond Barglow, A Reply to Rifkin
Should Juvenile Offenders Be Treated as Adults?
The New York Times, Little Adult Criminals
Laurence Steinberg, Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried as Adults?
Linda J. Collier, Adult Crime, Adult Time
Timothy Roche and Amanda Bower, Young Voices from the Cell
What Speech Does the First Amendment Protect on College Campuses?
Nat Hentoff, Free Speech on Campus
Charles R. Lawrence III, The Debate over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims
*Harvey A. Silvergate and Greg Lukianoff, Speech Codes: Alive and Well at Colleges
*Howard M. Wasserman, Fan Profanity
*Robert O’Neil, What Limits Should Campus Networks Place on Pornography?
13. Combining Patterns of Development
Patterns for a Purpose
Using the Patterns of Development in Your Writing
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Combining Patterns
*Annotated Student Essay: The Telephone Is Out; IM Is In
*Brad Whetsine, Augustinian Influences
George Orwell, A Hanging
Richard Rodriguez, Complexion
*Pagan Kennedy, One Room, 3,000 Brains
*Esther Thorson, Dissect an Ad
E. B. White, Once More to the Lake
14. Locating, Evaluating, and Drawing on Sources
Using Sources
Locating Sources
Evaluating Print and Internet Sources
Drawing on Sources: Paraphrasing and Quoting
Integrating Paraphrases and Quotations
Documenting Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
*Annotated Student Essay: Divorce as a Violation of Trust
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2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education