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Control of Gene Ex...
How Translation Works
Protein Synthesis
Translation Elongation
Translation Termination
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Molecular Biology, 4/e
Robert F. Weaver
The Mechanism of Translation II: Elongation and Termination
How Translation Works
What is Translated during Translation?
The two major steps in creating a protein are transcription and translation. Transcription creates an mRNA molecule, using a DNA sequence as a template. DNA and mRNA are similar, although certainly not identical, molecules. An mRNA sequence is essentially a copy of a DNA sequence with the thymines replaced by uracil. The production of mRNA is known as transcription which means copying. Creating a protein from an mRNA sequence is known as translation because the structure of a protein is very different from that of mRNA. Proteins are sequences of amino acids, not bases. The information in the mRNA is converted to a new form – it is translated. A sequence of bases is translated into a sequence of amino acids.
View the animation below, then complete the quiz to test your knowledge of the concept.
1
Translation is the synthesis of
A)
mRNA from DNA.
B)
mRNA from proteins.
C)
proteins from DNA
D)
proteins from mRNA
E)
proteins from tRNA
2
Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?
A)
the tRNA that was in the A site moves into the E site
B)
the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the A site
C)
the tRNA that was in the E site moves into the P site
D)
the tRNA that was in the E site moves into the A site
E)
the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site
3
Translation is terminated when a stop codon is presented at the ________ site.
A)
A
B)
P
C)
E
D)
either A or B
E)
either A or C
4
The first amino acid enters through the A site.
A)
True
B)
False
5
The codon of tRNA is complementary to the anticodon of mRNA.
A)
True
B)
False
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