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1 | |
Which of the following is not a part of the definition of a mineral? |
| | A) | crystalline structure |
| | B) | solid |
| | C) | known chemical composition |
| | D) | organic |
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2 | |
The main groups of minerals are |
| | A) | silicates and nonsilicates. |
| | B) | organic and inorganic. |
| | C) | ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian. |
| | D) | carbonates, sulfates, and phosphates. |
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3 | |
Rocks |
| | A) | have a definite chemical composition. |
| | B) | are aggregates of minerals. |
| | C) | are classified by their crystalline structure. |
| | D) | are formed when minerals chemically combine. |
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4 | |
Rocks that form from a mass of molten material are called |
| | A) | igneous. |
| | B) | metamorphic. |
| | C) | magma. |
| | D) | sedimentary. |
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5 | |
The products of weathering and dissolved rock materials form |
| | A) | igneous rocks. |
| | B) | metamorphic rocks. |
| | C) | sedimentary rocks. |
| | D) | volcanic rocks. |
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6 | |
The general term for forming sedimentary rock is |
| | A) | cementation. |
| | B) | lithification. |
| | C) | compaction. |
| | D) | recrystallization. |
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7 | |
hanges in temperature and/or pressure produce metamorphic rocks by all of the following except |
| | A) | melting. |
| | B) | realignment of mineral grains. |
| | C) | flattening. |
| | D) | recrystallization. |
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8 | |
A light colored igneous rock made up of quartz, mica, and feldspar is |
| | A) | granite. |
| | B) | basalt. |
| | C) | sandstone. |
| | D) | limestone. |
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9 | |
The most abundant elements in Earth's crust are |
| | A) | silicon and oxygen. |
| | B) | iron and nickel. |
| | C) | iron and magnesium. |
| | D) | carbon and hydrogen. |
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10 | |
One of the following is a type of rock that has remained unchanged on Earth's surface throughout its history. |
| | A) | igneous |
| | B) | sedimentary |
| | C) | metamorphic |
| | D) | none of the above |
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11 | |
Sedimentary rocks are named according to |
| | A) | their mineral composition and texture. |
| | B) | the size and shape of particles forming the rock. |
| | C) | the location in which they cooled. |
| | D) | crystalline structure. |
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12 | |
The overall process of forming sedimentary rock includes |
| | A) | melting, cooling, and crystallization. |
| | B) | increasing pressure and/or temperature, resulting in recrystallization. |
| | C) | weathering, erosion, and lithification. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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13 | |
The process that scientists believe gave Earth its layered interior is |
| | A) | compaction. |
| | B) | lithification. |
| | C) | differentiation. |
| | D) | sedimentation. |
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14 | |
The three main parts of Earth's interior include the |
| | A) | asthenosphere, lithosphere, and mantle. |
| | B) | core, crust, and mantle. |
| | C) | crust, asthenosphere, and core. |
| | D) | lithosphere, mantle, and core. |
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15 | |
The primary evidence for the structure of Earth's core comes from |
| | A) | fossil evidence. |
| | B) | core samples. |
| | C) | paleomagnetic evidence. |
| | D) | seismological studies. |
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16 | |
Pangea is the name of |
| | A) | a transform fault in California. |
| | B) | a crustal plate. |
| | C) | theoretical supercontinent. |
| | D) | a convergent plate boundary. |
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17 | |
Which of the following, developed during the 1940s and 1950s, was used to map the ocean floor and collect evidence for plate tectonic theory? |
| | A) | seismographs |
| | B) | X-rays |
| | C) | Sonar |
| | D) | Doppler radar |
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18 | |
The age of oceanic crust |
| | A) | increases with distance from the center of an ocean basin. |
| | B) | decreases with distance from the center of an ocean basin. |
| | C) | remains constant for each ocean basin. |
| | D) | alternately increases and decreases from the center of an ocean basin in "strips." |
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19 | |
Magnetic studies of the basaltic rocks of the ocean floor reveal |
| | A) | parallel and symmetric strips of magnetic normal and reversed polarity. |
| | B) | asymmetric strips of magnetic normal and reversed polarity. |
| | C) | strips of normal polarity in the Northern Hemisphere and reversed polarity in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| | D) | random pockets of reversed polarity interspersed with normal polarity. |
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20 | |
The word "plate" in plate tectonics refers to fairly rigid, moving pieces of Earth's |
| | A) | asthenosphere. |
| | B) | oceanic crust. |
| | C) | continental crust. |
| | D) | lithosphere. |
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21 | |
Tectonic plates move in the |
| | A) | mantle. |
| | B) | asthenosphere. |
| | C) | lithosphere. |
| | D) | ocean crust. |
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22 | |
A subduction zone is usually associated with |
| | A) | continental divergent plate boundaries. |
| | B) | oceanic divergent plate boundaries. |
| | C) | ocean-continental convergent plate boundaries. |
| | D) | continental-continental plate boundaries. |
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23 | |
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with intense mountain building and production of a deformed and thicker granitic crust? |
| | A) | oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries |
| | B) | transform plate boundaries |
| | C) | continental-continental convergent plate boundaries |
| | D) | oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries |
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24 | |
Crust is neither created nor destroyed at |
| | A) | oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries. |
| | B) | oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries. |
| | C) | divergent plate boundaries. |
| | D) | transform plate boundaries. |
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25 | |
Plate tectonic theory helps scientists understand that |
| | A) | the solid materials of Earth are non-renewable resources. |
| | B) | the solid materials of Earth are continually recycled. |
| | C) | the solid materials of Earth cannot be created or destroyed. |
| | D) | the solid materials of Earth cannot change forms. |
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