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Biology, 6/e

Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	In fungi, maturation is primarily a process of
		A)	specialization
		B)	mobilization
		C)	growth
		D)	gastrulation


2	The initial dorsal-ventral orientation of vertebrate embryos is determined by
		A)	the point of entry of the sperm
		B)	gravity
		C)	the point of contact with the uterus
		D)	genetic differences in the cells


3	Key parts of the adult fly are formed from groups of cells set aside in the larva. The groups of cells are called
		A)	morphogens
		B)	syncytia
		C)	poromorphic clusters
		D)	imaginal discs


4	Skeletal muscles, blood cells, and gametes are derived from cells from the
		A)	neural crests
		B)	somites
		C)	endoderm
		D)	animal pole


5	Rather than by cell migration, plants develop outward from strategically placed
		A)	syncytia
		B)	meristems
		C)	suspensor cells
		D)	ground tissue


6	Insect larvae go through three stages called
		A)	instars
		B)	resects
		C)	exstars
		D)	metamorphs
		E)	cleavages


7	In gastrulation, cells at the vegetal pole move by using
		A)	parapodia
		B)	branchiostegites
		C)	lamellipodia
		D)	setae
		E)	cephalopodia


8	Internal structures of vertebrates form from the _______________ pole of the zygote.
		A)	vegetal
		B)	endodermal
		C)	mesodermal
		D)	animal
		E)	ectodermal


9	Insect larvae must grow in stages (instars) because of the limitation of the
		A)	imaginal disks
		B)	syncitial blastoderm
		C)	chitinous exoskeleton
		D)	meristems
		E)	egg


10	In insects, like Drosophila, the action of _______________ genes determines the initial course of development.
		A)	zygote
		B)	larval
		C)	paternal
		D)	imaginal
		E)	maternal


11	As migrating cells of developing Drosophila sort themselves into groups, _______________ play the major role in holding aggregating cells together.
		A)	collagens
		B)	elastins
		C)	fibronectins
		D)	cadherins
		E)	proteoglycans


12	The combination of two different eight-cell stage embryos produce a
		A)	blastula
		B)	planula
		C)	morula
		D)	bicoid
		E)	chimera


13	As mammalian zygotes divide, all cells are totipotent up to the _______________ celled stage.
		A)	2
		B)	4
		C)	6
		D)	8
		E)	16


14	The end point of a cell's migration in embryo development is determined by the concentration of chemicals called
		A)	regulators
		B)	meristems
		C)	organizers
		D)	inducers
		E)	morphogens


15	Development of syncytial blastoderm is characteristic of
		A)	frogs
		B)	birds
		C)	insects
		D)	salamanders
		E)	starfish


16	Bones of vertebrates are derived from embryonic
		A)	ectoderm
		B)	endoderm
		C)	epiderm
		D)	mesoderm
		E)	notoderm


17	The process, apoptosis, is one in which cells
		A)	are programmed to die, shrivel, and shrink
		B)	develop structures in the wrong places
		C)	die because of injury
		D)	are guided to appropriate locations in the body
		E)	establish polarity of an embryo


18	If a cell has committed to a particular fate it is said to be:
		A)	pluripotent
		B)	totipotent
		C)	determined
		D)	differentiated
		E)	mosaic


19	Which of the following is not matched correctly?
		A)	cleavage-The initial period of cell division in a vertebrate; the embryo size does not increase.
		B)	induction-The ability of cells to alter the developmental paths of adjacent cells.
		C)	differentiation-The ability of the zygote to become different kinds of cells.
		D)	determination-The irreversible commitment of a cell to a particular developmental path.
		E)	all of the above are correctly matched.


20	Cell migration depends upon all of the following except:
		A)	Ca⁺⁺ binding
		B)	cadherins
		C)	integrins
		D)	changing patterns of adhesion
		E)	auxin


21	The cloning experiments that produced "Dolly" concluded that:
		A)	the determination of a cell is irreversible
		B)	animal cells become irreversibly committed to a developmental path after the first few cell divisions
		C)	the egg and donated nucleus must be at the same stage in the cell cycle to progress to further development
		D)	cells taken from two individuals can fuse to form a single individual
		E)	that a nucleus removed from another cell can be inserted into an egg which develops to birth


22	At about the 16-cell stage in vertebrate development, a central cavity expands and forms a hollow ball of cells called a(n):
		A)	neurula
		B)	blastula
		C)	ectoderm
		D)	gastrula
		E)	endoderm


23	The initial stages of insect development are determined by
		A)	zygotic genes
		B)	homeodomain genes
		C)	paternal genes
		D)	maternal genes
		E)	homeobox genes


24	Differentiation of embryonic cells into adult structures results in the loss of DNA for genes that are no longer expressed in differentiated tissues.
		A)	True
		B)	False


25	In induction, an inducing tissue directs the target tissue to develop along a particular fate path.
		A)	True
		B)	False


26	Homeobox motifs have been found in animal cell DNA but not in plant cell DNA.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	Differentiation is the commitment of a particular cell to a specialized developmental path.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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