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Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University
Altering the Genetic Message

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions



1

Mutations that impact evolution most occur in
A)somatic cells
B)brain cells
C)germ-line cells
D)sperm cells
2

Ultraviolet light can cause the formation of double bonds between adjacent pyrimidines, resulting in a formation called a
A)pyrimidine mispairing
B)pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairing
C)pyrimidine dimer
D)pyrimidine pseudopairing
3

Chemical modification of DNA may be caused by
A)chemicals that resemble DNA nucleotides
B)chemicals that remove amino acids from adenine or cytosine
C)chemicals that add hydrocarbon groups to nucleotide bases
D)all of the above
4

Chromosomal rearrangement may result in
A)monoploidy
B)aneuploidy
C)diploidy
D)statiploidy
5

Carcinomas are tumors arising from
A)epithelial tissue
B)bone
C)muscle
D)connective tissue
6

Pseudogenes are important to evolution because
A)they are silent genes that have been activated by mutations
B)they did not exist until recently
C)they occur entirely within multigene families
D)mutational changes may convert them to active genes, encoding a protein with different properties
E)they tend to be transcribed more frequently
7

The ras-induced bladder cancer is caused by
A)inducing the transcription of p21 proteins
B)inducing p53 mutations
C)a single DNA base change in the normal ras protein
D)preventing phosphorylation of Rb protein
E)tying up the transcription factor E2F
8

Transposition can facilitate
A)insertional activation
B)gene amplification
C)gene mobilization
D)insertional reversion
E)gene immobilization
9

Unequal crossing over tends to cause
A)an increase in the number of copies of a gene
B)insertional inactivation in the region of crossing over
C)loss of genes excised by correction mechanisms
D)conversion of the excess DNA into heterochromatin
E)polyploidy
10

The virus known as RSV is associated with
A)a chicken sarcoma
B)a bovine cancer
C)breast cancer
D)liver sarcomas
E)human carcinoma
11

Double-strand breaks in DNA are lethal to the descendants of
A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)insects
D)algae
E)reptiles
12

Crossing over, as a mode of genetic recombination, is important to evolution because it
A)tends to purify traits
B)brings about segment segregation
C)is normal and doesn't cause cancer
D)can bring together mutations occurring on different chromosomes
E)tends to eliminate mutations
13

Next to breast cancer, the most common form of cancer in the United States is
A)breast
B)leukemia
C)colon & rectum
D)bladder
E)prostate
14

Transponsons
A)are more numerous than satellite DNA, but are shorter in length
B)appear to play no functional role in a cell
C)are more diverse in mammalian genomes than in other eukaryotes
D)account for at least 20% of Drosophila DNA
E)include the many ULA elements of the human genome
15

Cells that leave a tumor and spread throughout the body, forming tumors at distant sites are called
A)sarcomas
B)lymphomas
C)carcinomas
D)metamorphoses
E)metastases
16

Cancer is more common in older people because
A)their immune systems have degenerated
B)the supply of certain hormones declines with age
C)a change in the rate of cell replacement takes place
D)they have accumulated more mutations
E)their bodies are unable to adjust to the changing environment
17

Tandem clusters occur most commonly in
A)satellite DNA
B)centromere
C)the nuclear organizer regions
D)plasmids
E)the area of the synaptonemal complex
18

The price of smoking a pack of cigarettes is _______________ hours of one's life.
A)24
B)16
C)12
D)7
E)3.5
19

Slipped mispairing may cause deletions resulting in
A)single nucleotide substitution
B)translocations
C)frameshift mutation
D)insertion inactivation
E)errors in nucleotide choice
20

Plasmids are transferred between bacteria by way of a
A)conjugator
B)pilus
C)transposer
D)snorkel
E)trichogyne
21

The primary effect of ultraviolet radiation is the production of
A)two-stranded breaks in DNA
B)pyrimidine dimers
C)base analogue mispairing
D)isomerization of a base
E)slipped mispairing
22

Gene conversion refers to
A)a DNA segment being reversed in a chromosome
B)insertion of a transposon that alters the reading frame
C)the formation of plasmids from a bacterial genome
D)single nucleotide substitution caused by a base analogue mispairing
E)alterations in homologues as mismatch pair errors are corrected
23

Inversions in a chromosome
A)are a form of transposition
B)cause aneuploidy
C)are important in eukaryotes if in somatic cells
D)have an effect on recombination
E)alter gene expression
24

Which of the following is not a form of genetic recombination
A)plasmid formation
B)chromosome assortment
C)reciprocal recombination
D)gene transfer
E)none of the above
25

Tumor-suppressor genes
A)are involved in the cellular response to EGF
B)encode proteins that prevent binding of cyclins
C)stimulates the binding of GTP
D)includes the widely studied myc gene
E)are genetically recessive
26

Mutations always cause detrimental effects.
A)True
B)False
27

A sexual-like process in some bacteria that results in exchange of genetic material between two cells that are temporarily joined, best defines:
A)conjugation.
B)complementation.
C)lysogeny.
D)transformation.
E)transduction.
28

F+ bacteria can construct which of the following that allow the bacteria to join together to transfer genes?
A)gap junctions
B)pili
C)connecting channels
D)porins
E)plasmodesmata
29

Tumor promoting genes are called proto-oncogenes.
A)True
B)False
30

Changes that alter the sequence of one or a few DNA nucleotides are called point mutations.
A)True
B)False
31

Genes that can move about from one location on a chromosome to another are called transposons.
A)True
B)False
32

The p53 gene is responsible for
A)triggering cells to grow uncontrollably
B)damaging DNA
C)over riding the G1 checkpoint
D)initiating transcription of p21 which binds to cyclins
E)degrading damaged DNA
33

Incidence of cancer increases with age because several mutations must accumulate to trigger cancerous growths.
A)True
B)False
34

Potential cancer therapies are being developed to target all of the following except:
A)inhibiting the release of a signal (i.e. growth factor) from neighboring cells
B)using monoclonal antibodies to "tag" cancerous cells
C)inactivating Ras proteins in the cell
D)using anti-sense RNA to inhibit Src
E)using viruses that don't elicit an immune response to attack and kill cancer cells








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