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Biology, 6/e

Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University

Fungi

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	Fungal mitosis is unusual in that
		A)	it occurs without spindle fibers
		B)	it resembles plant meiosis, having a reduction division
		C)	it results in clusters of chromosomes without a nuclear membrane
		D)	it takes place within the nucleus


2	Mushrooms and puffballs appear rapidly because of
		A)	rapid cell division
		B)	rapid elongation of hyphae
		C)	rapid water absorption
		D)	rapid multiplication and inflation of vacuoles


3	Deuteromycetes are called imperfect fungi because
		A)	the sexual cycle has not been observed
		B)	nothing about them indicates their relation to other fungi
		C)	they do not produce mycelia
		D)	they have no asexual reproduction


4	Most ectomycorrhizae are
		A)	ascomycetes
		B)	deuteromycetes
		C)	zygomycetes
		D)	basidiomycetes


5	Fungi reproduce sexually with
		A)	swimming gametes
		B)	nuclear exchange
		C)	nonflagellate gametes
		D)	parthenogenesis


6	Zygomycete hyphae are unique in that they
		A)	have perforated septa
		B)	are monokaryotic
		C)	are dikaryotic
		D)	lack septa
		E)	have solid septa


7	The _______________ are not basidiomycetes.
		A)	toadstools
		B)	puffballs
		C)	morels
		D)	shelf fungi
		E)	mushrooms


8	Parasexuality occurs
		A)	within heterokaryotic hyphae
		B)	between dikaryotic hyphae
		C)	between homokaryotic hyphae
		D)	between heterokaryotic hyphae
		E)	only in yeasts


9	Fungi are virtually the only organism capable of breaking down
		A)	cellulose
		B)	lignin
		C)	oil
		D)	chitin
		E)	starch


10	Basidiospores are borne on the ends of
		A)	primary mycelia
		B)	basidiocarps
		C)	trichogynes
		D)	sterigmata
		E)	secondary mycelia


11	Conidia are multinucleate spores produced in
		A)	gametangia
		B)	basidia
		C)	sporangia
		D)	asci
		E)	none of the above


12	Athlete's foot is caused by a member of the
		A)	yeasts
		B)	Fungi Imperfecti
		C)	endomycorrhizae
		D)	basidiomycetes
		E)	zygomycetes


13	Fungi regulate the formation of microtubules during mitosis with
		A)	basal bodies
		B)	centromeres
		C)	centrioles
		D)	spindle plaques
		E)	heterochromatin


14	The cells of the secondary mycelium of basidiomycetes have _______________ nuclei.
		A)	many
		B)	16
		C)	8
		D)	4
		E)	2


15	In the zygomycetes, most spores are produced by
		A)	somatic meiosis
		B)	mitosis
		C)	syngamy
		D)	zygotic meiosis
		E)	sporic meiosis


16	Asexual reproduction occurs in _______________ by sporangia.
		A)	yeasts
		B)	basidiomycetes
		C)	ascomycetes
		D)	imperfect fungi
		E)	zygomycetes


17	Most yeast reproduction occurs by
		A)	budding
		B)	conidia
		C)	syngamy
		D)	ascospores
		E)	basidiospores


18	The fungal components of lichens are mostly
		A)	basidiomycetes
		B)	Fungi Imperfecti
		C)	ascomycetes
		D)	zygomycetes
		E)	mycorrhizae


19	Oomycetes are distinguished from fungi by all of the characteristics below except
		A)	source of nutrition
		B)	spore motility
		C)	cellulose walls
		D)	pattern of mitosis
		E)	diploid hyphae


20	Fungi have been incorrectly classified as plants because of their
		A)	types of chlorophyll
		B)	immobility
		C)	cell wall composition
		D)	mitotic activity
		E)	gametes


21	Cell walls of fungi are composed primarily of
		A)	lignin
		B)	cellulose
		C)	chitin
		D)	pectin
		E)	glycoprotein


22	Male gametes of ascomycetes enter the female gametangium by way of the
		A)	ascogonium
		B)	antheridium
		C)	thrichogyne
		D)	ascopore
		E)	hyphae


23	Fungi Imperfecti includes members of
		A)	ascomycetes
		B)	basidiomycetes
		C)	zygomycetes
		D)	all of the above
		E)	none of the above


24	Fungi most resemble plants in their
		A)	immobility
		B)	cell walls
		C)	sexuality
		D)	food acquisition
		E)	basic three dimensionality


25	Fungal hyphae with two genetically distinct nuclei are said to be
		A)	polykaryotic
		B)	monokaryotic
		C)	dikaryotic
		D)	karyotic
		E)	heterokaryotic


26	Fungi are classified into phyla primarily on differences in:
		A)	reproductive structures.
		B)	number of nuclei per cell.
		C)	cell wall composition.
		D)	preferred habitat of growth.
		E)	mode of locomotion.


27	With respect to the life cycle of mushroom-producing basidiomycete, which of the following structures is haploid?
		A)	monokaryotic hypha
		B)	basidiospore
		C)	basidium
		D)	clamp connection
		E)	more than one of the structures above are haploid


28	Fungi are different from plants because fungi:
		A)	are heterotrophs
		B)	have filamentous bodies
		C)	have cell walls made of chitin
		D)	have nuclear mitosis
		E)	all of the above


29	Which of the following is a reproductive structure of a fungus?
		A)	gametangia
		B)	sporangia
		C)	conidia
		D)	all of the above
		E)	none of the above


30	Which one of the following groups of fungi has not been observed to reproduce sexually?
		A)	Ascomycota
		B)	Imperfect fungi
		C)	Basidiomycota
		D)	Zygomycota
		E)	both a and c


31	In which phylum of fungi does the fusion of hyphae lead directly to the formation of a zygote?
		A)	Ascomycota
		B)	Imperfect fungi
		C)	Basidiomycota
		D)	Zygomycota
		E)	all of the above


32	The common mushroom or toadstool belongs to the phylum:
		A)	Ascomycota
		B)	Imperfect fungi
		C)	Basidiomycota
		D)	Zygomycota
		E)	none of the above


33	When hyphae of basidiomycetes fuse in sexual reproduction, the resulting cell can best be called a:
		A)	monokaryon
		B)	dikaryon
		C)	homokaryon
		D)	basidiocarp
		E)	none of the above


34	The phylum of fungi that predominantly reproduces sexually is:
		A)	Ascomycota
		B)	Imperfect fungi
		C)	Basidiomycota
		D)	Zygomycota
		E)	none of the above


35	The imperfect fungi include organisms related to:
		A)	penicillin
		B)	the fermentation of soy sauce
		C)	athlete's foot
		D)	the flavor of Roquefort cheese
		E)	all of the above


36	Fungi generally carry out external digestion.
		A)	True
		B)	False


37	A lichen is a highly integrated mutualistic association between two different fungi.
		A)	True
		B)	False


38	The deuteromycetes are an artificial collection of fungi that are probably not very closely related.
		A)	True
		B)	False


39	Hyphae are made up of a long string of cells, separated by septa, that prevents the mixing of cytoplasm between cells.
		A)	True
		B)	False


40	The main body of a fungus is the mushroom structure.
		A)	True
		B)	False


41	In fungi, only the reproductive cells are haploid.
		A)	True
		B)	False


42	The button mushroom some of us put on our pizza is a basidiocarp.
		A)	True
		B)	False


43	All yeasts are single-celled organisms derived from the phylum Zygomycota.
		A)	True
		B)	False


44	Lichens are a special fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota.
		A)	True
		B)	False


45	Mycorrhizae act as super-efficient root hairs for some plants.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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