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Biology, 6/e

Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University

Vertebrates

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	Unlike vertebrates that have gills, terrestrial vertebrates have
		A)	pharyngeal slits
		B)	pharyngeal bursa
		C)	pharyngeal pouches
		D)	pharyngeal pores


2	As clearly illustrated by the lancelets, a chordate's muscles are
		A)	striated
		B)	smooth
		C)	unsegmented
		D)	arranged in segmented blocks


3	The most primitive combination of features of any chordate is found in the
		A)	lancelet larva
		B)	amphibian tadpole
		C)	tunicate larva
		D)	newly hatched sharks


4	To maximize efficiency of oxygen absorption, the blood in fish flows
		A)	from the gills to the heart
		B)	from the body directly to the gills
		C)	in the same direction as the flow of water
		D)	in the opposite direction to that of the water


5	The problem of waste disposal caused by the watertight egg is solved by storing the waste in the
		A)	amnion
		B)	allantois
		C)	chorion
		D)	yolk sac


6	The major factor responsible for sharks and bony fishes replacing pioneer vertebrates was
		A)	better jaws
		B)	better respiration
		C)	stronger bones
		D)	better swimming
		E)	better teeth


7	Mammals arose from the
		A)	pelycosaurs
		B)	therapsids
		C)	thecodonts
		D)	dinosaurs
		E)	birds


8	Most paleontologists consider amphibians to have evolved from
		A)	coelocanths
		B)	teleosts
		C)	rhipidistians
		D)	ray-finned fishes
		E)	lung fish


9	Next to rodents, the largest order of mammals is made up of
		A)	carnivores
		B)	insectivores
		C)	bats
		D)	primates
		E)	cetaceans


10	In the _______________ , the notochord persists in the adult.
		A)	lancets
		B)	rays
		C)	skates
		D)	shark
		E)	tunicates


11	Unique among reptiles, the _______________ have a parietal eye.
		A)	lizards
		B)	crocodiles
		C)	snakes
		D)	turtles
		E)	tuatara


12	The story of vertebrate evolution started in the ancient seas of the _______________ period.
		A)	cambrian
		B)	ordovician
		C)	devonian
		D)	silurian
		E)	carboniferous


13	Among living animals, crocodiles most nearly resemble
		A)	snakes
		B)	turtles
		C)	lizards
		D)	birds
		E)	amphibians


14	Not all amphibians have
		A)	cutaneous respiration
		B)	pulmonary veins
		C)	lungs
		D)	partially divided heart
		E)	legs


15	Which of the following is not a unique feature of birds?
		A)	four chambered heart
		B)	hollow bones
		C)	keeled breast bone
		D)	constant direction of air flow through the lungs
		E)	feathers


16	The earliest warm blooded land animals were the
		A)	pelycosaurs
		B)	therapsids
		C)	thecodonts
		D)	dinosaurs
		E)	microsaurs


17	The fetal placenta and umbilical cord are formed from the
		A)	chorion and amnion
		B)	chorion
		C)	chorion and uterus
		D)	amnion
		E)	chorion and allantois


18	Amphibians bearing live young are among the
		A)	caecilians
		B)	frogs
		C)	toads
		D)	salamanders
		E)	newts


19	Adult urochordates secrete a sack composed mainly of
		A)	protein
		B)	cellulose
		C)	phospholipid
		D)	gelatin
		E)	pectin


20	In sharks and bony fishes, the propulsion fin is the _______________ fin.
		A)	pectoral
		B)	dorsal
		C)	pelvic
		D)	ventral
		E)	caudal


21	The earliest bipedal land animals were the
		A)	pelycosaurs
		B)	therapsids
		C)	thecodonts
		D)	dinosaurs
		E)	microsaurs


22	The most ancient of living birds is the
		A)	woodpecker
		B)	parrot
		C)	owl
		D)	ostrich
		E)	penguin


23	More than half of all vertebrates are
		A)	mammals
		B)	fishes
		C)	amphibians
		D)	birds
		E)	reptiles


24	The early amphibian, Ichthyostega, breathed by
		A)	forward movement
		B)	muscular contraction around the swim bladder
		C)	rib cage movement
		D)	mouth alterations
		E)	none of the above


25	Sharks must constantly swim because they lack
		A)	pectoral fins
		B)	a swim bladder
		C)	gills
		D)	lungs
		E)	a lateral line system


26	A characteristic that distinguishes chordates from other animals is:
		A)	a notochord
		B)	a nerve cord
		C)	pharyngeal slits
		D)	all of the above
		E)	none of the above


27	Which of the following features of birds in not an adaptation for flight?
		A)	Heavy teeth replaced with a light bill.
		B)	Endothermy and a high metabolic rate.
		C)	Feathers
		D)	Nearly hollow bones.
		E)	Modified hind limbs.


28	Flat, chisel-shaped teeth are called:
		A)	molars
		B)	premolars
		C)	canines
		D)	incisors
		E)	none of the above


29	Before amphibians could be successful on land, they had to:
		A)	develop a more efficient heart
		B)	develop a way to prevent drying out
		C)	develop lungs
		D)	b and c
		E)	all of the above


30	Archaeopteryx had which key birdlike features?
		A)	hollow bones
		B)	featherswell
		C)	well-developed collarbone
		D)	b and c
		E)	all of the above


31	The group of early reptiles that may have been warm-blooded was the:
		A)	pelycosaurs
		B)	the rapsids
		C)	the codonts
		D)	all of the above
		E)	none of the above


32	Which of the following do not have skin that is impermeable to water?
		A)	mammals
		B)	birds
		C)	amphibians
		D)	reptiles
		E)	All of the above have skin impermeable to water.


33	Since extant agnathans and chondrichthians lack true bones, zoologists believe that their ancestors had cartilaginous skeletons rather than bony skeletons.
		A)	True
		B)	False


34	The most prominent diapsids were dinosaurs.
		A)	True
		B)	False


35	The first vertebrates were bony, jawless fishes.
		A)	True
		B)	False


36	Reptiles of the anapsid lineage gave rise to mammals.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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