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Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University
Respiration

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions



1

All gases exchanged between air and blood in mammals occurs across the walls of the
A)trachea
B)bronchi
C)alveoli
D)bronchioles
2

The unique feature of birds that allows them to always breathe fresh air is the
A)bronchi
B)bronchioles
C)spiracles
D)parabronchi
3

The visceral pleural membrane of mammals is linked to the parietal pleural membrane by
A)myosin fibers
B)fluid-filled space
C)smooth muscles
D)loose connective tissue
4

In thoracic breathing, inhalation is the result of
A)contracting internal intercostal muscles
B)contracting external intercostal muscles
C)contracting muscles attached to the sternum
D)relaxation
5

The urge to inhale results from
A)rising PCO2
B)falling PCO2
C)rising PO2
D)falling PO2
6

The most common gas found in air is
A)oxygen
B)argon
C)nitrogen
D)carbon dioxide
E)carbon monoxide
7

Which of the following animals have air sacs attached to their lungs?
A)birds
B)amphibians
C)reptiles
D)mammals
E)all of the above
8

A countercurrent flow system between substance A and substance B
A)maximizes the exchange by having A and B flow in the same direction
B)minimizes the exchange by having A and B flow in the same direction
C)maximizes the exchange by having A and B flow in opposite directions
D)minimizes the exchange by having A and B flow in opposite directions
9

Carbon dioxide is converted into carbonic acid in the cytoplasm of red blood cells by the enzyme
A)hemoglobin
B)carbonic anhydrase
C)oxyhemoglobin
D)carbon monoxide
E)hemocyanin
10

Which of the following is not a way to increase the efficiency of a respiratory system?
A)increase the surface area available for diffusion of gases
B)decrease the distance over which the gases must diffuse
C)increase the concentration differences of gases inside and outside the system
D)dry the system out so the gases do not have to diffuse through water
E)all of the above will increase efficiency
11

Which of the following respiratory systems is most efficient at obtaining oxygen from the surrounding environment?
A)mammal lungs
B)reptile lungs
C)amphibian lungs
D)bird lungs
E)fish gills
12

During exhalation in humans, air moves from the bronchus into the
A)bronchioles
B)alveoli
C)nostrils
D)pharynx
E)trachea
13

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
A)attached to hemoglobin
B)bound to oxygen
C)dissolved in the plasma
D)as carbon monoxide in the red blood cells
E)as bicarbonate ions in the red blood cells
14

The Bohr effect explains why
A)hemoglobin binds carbon monoxide more readily than oxygen
B)hemoglobin unloads its oxygen when it encounters low pH
C)diffusion occurs so slowly over long distances
D)oxygen is present in the atmosphere in relatively low concentrations
E)some introductory biology students do not like their instructor
15

One atmosphere of pressure equals
A)1 mm Hg
B)380 mm Hg
C)600 mm Hg
D)760 mm Hg
E)1,000 mm Hg
16

In the formula for Fick's law of diffusion, the distance a molecule must travel is symbolized as
A)D
B)A
C)d
D)R
E)none of the above
17

Diffusion alone is effective only over distances less than approximately
A)0.5 mm
B)5.0 mm
C)0.5 cm
D)5.0 cm
E)0.5 m
18

Which of the following animals have tracheae?
A)earthworms
B)grasshoppers
C)cnidarians
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
19

Mollusks have
A)no specialized respiratory organ
B)lungs
C)racheae
D)gills
20

When a bird breathes, air moves from the lung into the
A)posterior air sacs
B)anterior air sacs
C)trachea
D)pharynx
E)it depends if the bird is inhaling or exhaling
21

The respiratory control center of humans is located in the
A)blood-brain barrier
B)alveoli
C)erythrocytes
D)brainstem (medulla oblongata)
E)trachea
22

The exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and the blood occurs in the:
A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
E)venules
23

The location in the lung where the exchange of gases takes place is the:
A)bronchus
B)alveolus
C)bronchiole
D)pleural membrane
E)interpleural fluid
24

The expansion of the lung and inhalation of air are in part the result of:
A)the muscles of the lungs relaxing, allowing the lungs to get larger
B)decreased pressure of the interpleural fluid
C)the contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm
D)a and b are correct.
E)All of the above are correct.
25

The lungs of birds exhibit maximum respiratory efficiency due to
A)cross-current flow of blood and air through the lung
B)one way flow without significant water loss
C)the fact that all birds have very small lungs
D)a and b
E)all of the above
26

The efficiency of gills in fish is derived from
A)the countercurrent flow of water over the gills
B)the increasing temperature of blood within the gills
C)continuous diffusion of oxygen into the blood
D)a and b
E)a and c
27

In amphibians, air is forced into the lungs, not drawn into the lungs; this is called:
A)negative pressure breathing
B)forced air breathing
C)positive pressure breathing
D)terrestrial breathing
E)none of the above
28

Gas exchange through the skin supplements the gas exchange occurring in the lungs of
A)birds
B)amphibians
C)reptiles
D)insects
E)fish
29

The brain regulates the rate at which you breathe by monitoring the amount of oxygen in the blood.
A)True
B)False
30

Respiratory gases are exchanged by diffusion only.
A)True
B)False
31

Birds have evolved active transport mechanisms to augment their respiratory gas exchange.
A)True
B)False
32

In a countercurrent exchange system, the fluids in two tubes flow in opposite directions.
A)True
B)False








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