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| 1 | The Porifera are the simplest of multicellular animals and share basal ancestry with the Metazoa, as determined by molecular evidence. |
 | A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 2 | Although they have the simplest organization of all the Metazoa, the sponges do exhibit a higher level of morphological and physiological integration than that found in protozoan colonies. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 3 | The Porifera have which of the following characteristics in common? |
| A) | A cellular level of organization. |
| B) | Incipient tissues with a low level of integration. |
| C) | A unique water current system power on which they depend for food. |
| D) | A body with incurrent openings (called ostia) for water intake. |
| E) | All of the above are correct. |
|
| 4 | All sponges are marine. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 5 | The skeletal (supporting) structure of sponges may contain which of the following? |
| A) | Fibrillar collagen (a protein) |
| B) | Calcareous spicules |
| C) | Siliceous spicules |
| D) | Modified collagen called spongin |
| E) | All of the above may be constituents of the sponge skeletal structure |
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| 6 | There may be three different designs or levels of organization within the sponges. These levels or types of canal systems are described as… |
| A) | Asconoid |
| B) | Syconoid |
| C) | Leuconoid |
| D) | All of the above are correct |
| E) | None of the above are correct |
|
| 7 | Sponge cells are loosely arranged in a gelantinous matrix called… |
| A) | Mesohyl |
| B) | Mesenchyme |
| C) | Mesoderm |
| D) | Mesogloea |
| E) | Mesenteron |
|
| 8 | Which of the following drives the passage of water (laden with oxygen and microscopic food) through the canals and spongocoel of the sponges? |
| A) | Choanocytes |
| B) | Archeocytes |
| C) | Pinacocytes |
| D) | Collencytes |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 9 | Amoeboid cells that move about in the mesohyl and carry out a number of functions, including phagocytosis and spicule formation are called… |
| A) | Unicells |
| B) | Archaeocytes |
| C) | Spongocytes |
| D) | Osteocytes |
| E) | Chondrocytes |
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| 10 | A freshwater sponge (Spongillidae), produces an unusual overwintering “bud” for the survival of the harsh conditions of winter. This bud is called a… |
| A) | Gemmule |
| B) | Parenchymula larva |
| C) | Amphiblastula |
| D) | Blastul |
| E) | Gastrula |
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| 11 | The Phylum Porifera is an ancient group, remote phylogenetically from other metazoan groups, although some evidence suggests that they are a sister group to the Eumetazoa. Their adaptive radiation is centered on elaboration of the water circulation and filter feeding system. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 12 | The Mesozoa and Parazoa may be said to belong to a cellular level of organization. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 13 | Two competing hypotheses for the origin of the Metazoa are the syncyticial ciliate hypothesis and the colonial flagellate hypothesis, but the ribosomal RNA analyses generally support the colonial flagellate hypothesis. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 14 | Current molecular evidence supports a phylogenetic relationship of mesozoans and flatworms and the inclusion of Mesozoa in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 15 | The Phylum Porifera does NOT have which of the following characteristics? |
| A) | Multicellular |
| B) | All aquatic |
| C) | True tissues and organs |
| D) | All adults sessile |
| E) | Asexual and sexual reproduction |
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| 16 | Sponges with syconoid features would have which of the following? |
| A) | Radial canals |
| B) | Incurrent canals |
| C) | Prosopyles |
| D) | Apopyles |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
|
| 17 | Which of the following is mismatched? |
| A) | Archaeocytes—amoeboid cells in the mesohyl |
| B) | Sclerocytes—secrete spicules |
| C) | Spongocytes—secrete spongin fibers |
| D) | Collencytes—secrete keratin |
| E) | Lophocytes—secrete large quantities of collagen |
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| 18 | Sponges have a tremendous ability to repair injuries and to restore lost parts in a process called… |
| A) | Inversion |
| B) | Torsion |
| C) | Regeneration |
| D) | Transmogrification |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 19 | The members of the Class Hexactinellida are also called: |
| A) | True sponges |
| B) | Brittle sponges |
| C) | Glass sponges |
| D) | Amorphous sponges |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 20 | The trabecular reticulum of the Hexactinellida is the largest, continuous syncytial tissue known in the Metazoa. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 21 | Sponges originated before the Cambrian Period. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 22 | Which of the following forms yields the greatest amount of surface area to volume ratio in a sponge? |
| A) | Asconoid |
| B) | Syconoid |
| C) | Leuconoid |
| D) | Sponginoid |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 23 | Rhombozoans live in the kidneys of benthic cephalopods such as octopuses, cuttlefishes, and squids. Their adults are called: |
| A) | Squamiforms |
| B) | Vermiforms |
| C) | Zygogens |
| D) | Amphiblastula |
| E) | None of the above is correct |