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| 1 | Amphibians are the only living vertebrates that have a transition from water to land in both their ontogeny and phylogeny. |
 | A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 2 | Which of the following is NOT correct about the amphibians? |
| A) | Amphibians are ectothermic, primitively quadrupedal vertebrates |
| B) | The tetrapod leg of amphibians is associated with shoulder and hip girdles for walking |
| C) | Amphibians have a double circulation with functionally separated pulmonary and systemic circuits |
| D) | Amphibians have a tympanic membrane (eardrum) and stapes (columnella) for transmitting vibrations to the inner air to detect airborne sounds |
| E) | Amphibians lack internal nostrils (choanae) and cannot breathe directly through the nose |
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| 3 | Two major branches of the tetrapod lineage are represented by the amphibians and the… |
| A) | Reptiles |
| B) | Birds |
| C) | Temnospondyls |
| D) | Amniotes |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 4 | The first terrestrial tetrapods were probably the… |
| A) | Rhipidistians |
| B) | Amniotes |
| C) | Coelacanths |
| D) | Leptocephalans |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 5 | The Devonian period could be characterized as a period of… |
| A) | Climatic stability |
| B) | Alternating droughts and floods |
| C) | Alternating ice ages |
| D) | Pronounced mountain building |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
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| 6 | The freshwater fish that survived the Devonian period possessed… |
| A) | Efficient gills |
| B) | Countercurrent flow in the gill lamellae |
| C) | A lung that developed as an outgrowth of the pharynx |
| D) | Paedomorphosis |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 7 | Amphibians that are perennibranchiate have lungs in larval forms as well as lungs in the adult stages. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 8 | An axolotl is a perennibranchiate salamander throughout its entire life, no matter what the environmental conditions may be. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 9 | The first well-known fossil of a tetrapod was in the genus… |
| A) | Sphenodon |
| B) | Latimeria |
| C) | Ichthyostega |
| D) | Desmognathus |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 10 | An examination of the bony elements of the paired fins of lobe-finned fishes shows that they broadly resemble the homologous structures of amphibian limbs. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 11 | Both lobe-finned fishes and early tetrapods such as Acanthostega and Ichthyostega shared several characteristics of skull, teeth, and pectoral girdle. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 12 | 12. Several extinct lineages plus the Lisamphibia, which contains modern amphibians, are placed in a group called… |
| A) | Reptilia |
| B) | Temnospondyls |
| C) | Caecilians |
| D) | Anthracosaurs |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 13 | Pigmented cells in the skin of some amphibians are called… |
| A) | Osteoblasts |
| B) | Miracidia |
| C) | Lamellae |
| D) | Chromatophores |
| E) | Plastids |
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| 14 | The hearts of amphibians have: |
| A) | One atrium and one ventricle |
| B) | Two atria and one ventricle |
| C) | One atrium and two ventricles |
| D) | Two atria and two ventricles |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 15 | To facilitate cutaneous respiration, the skin of amphibians is… |
| A) | Moist and covered with scales |
| B) | Dry and richly vascularized |
| C) | Moist and richly vascularized |
| D) | Dry and covered with scales |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 16 | The kidneys of amphibians are described as… |
| A) | Pronephric |
| B) | Metanephric |
| C) | Mesonephric |
| D) | Anephric |
| E) | Amphibians have Malpighian tubules, not kidneys |
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| 17 | Most larger frogs are solitary during most of the year, except during the breeding period, which is typically in the spring… |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | The skin of a frog, although loosely attached to the body, is typical of most terrestrial vertebrates, having an outer epidermis and an underlying dermis. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 19 | The hylid frogs have the most toxic skin secretions, which are used by natives in South America to coat their blowgun darts for hunting. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | The members of which of the following orders often produce spermatophores? |
| A) | Caudata |
| B) | Gymnophiona |
| C) | Apoda |
| D) | Anura |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 21 | The members of this order are often viviparous: |
| A) | Caudata |
| B) | Gymnophiona |
| C) | Urodela |
| D) | Anura |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 22 | Members of the family Plethodontidae are unusual in that many species completely lack… |
| A) | Eyes |
| B) | A tail |
| C) | Lungs |
| D) | A terrestrial phase |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 23 | The retention of larval characteristics, seen in some salamanders is called… |
| A) | Paedomorphosis |
| B) | Viviparity |
| C) | Ovoviparity |
| D) | Trophyllaxis |
| E) | Sperm competition |
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| 24 | The iridiophores in the skin of frogs contain yellow, orange, or red pigments; the melanophores reflect the light striking the iridiophores. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | Members of the family Bufonidae are colloquially called: |
| A) | True frogs |
| B) | Salamanders |
| C) | Tree frogs |
| D) | Clawed frogs |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 26 | The fused caudal vertebrae seen in frogs are called the pygostyle, which is similar to our “tailbone,” the coccyx. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 27 | The primary excretory waste of amphibians is uric acid. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 28 | Some frogs hibernate during the winter and avoid the harmful effects of freezing by accumulating glycerol and… |
| A) | Fat |
| B) | Thyroxine |
| C) | Sebum |
| D) | Glucose |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 29 | Most amphibians have a forelimb with four digits and a rear limb with five digits. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 30 | Amphibians respire by a positive-pressure mechanism, as opposed to the negative pressure of the amniotes. In other words, if you were a frog, it would take energy to expire, but relatively little energy to inspire. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 31 | Which of the following transmits vibrations to the inner ear of amphibians? |
| A) | Malleus |
| B) | Incus |
| C) | Columnella |
| D) | Tympanum |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 32 | The perennibranchiate condition may occur in… |
| A) | Salamanders |
| B) | Caecilians |
| C) | Frogs |
| D) | Toads |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 33 | When giant toads were introduced to Queensland, Australia and southern Florida to control agricultural pests, they began spreading rapidly and produced numerous ecological problems, including the displacement of native anurans. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 34 | When male frogs clasp females prior to mating the process is called: |
| A) | A full-Nelson |
| B) | Amplexus |
| C) | Nictitation |
| D) | Foreplay |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 35 | The digestive tract of most vertebrates that are carnivores is shorter than the digestive tract of herbivores. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 36 | The lateral line is present in all amphibians, although it is only fully functional in the aquatic species. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 37 | The structure in a frog ear that is similar to the mammalian cochlea is the utricle. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 38 | Amphibians that have no larval development are said to have direct development—that is, they hatch from the egg as miniature versions of the adults. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 39 | Reproductive strategies of anurans include which of the following? |
| A) | Carrying developing larvae in a dorsal pouch |
| B) | Carrying eggs embedded in specialized brooding pouches |
| C) | Laying eggs under rocks or logs |
| D) | Froglets developing in a vocal pouch |
| E) | All of the above are correct |