|
| 1 | Which of the following is NOT correct? |
 | A) | Resistance—the host prevents the establishment and survival of the parasite |
| B) | Immunity—associated with the sensitive and specific immune response of vertebrates. |
| C) | Innate immunity—does not depend on prior exposure |
| D) | Acquired immunity—specific to a particular “nonself” material |
| E) | Interferons—lipoproteins of high molecular weight |
|
| 2 | Acquired immunity is mostly limited to |
| A) | Invertebrates |
| B) | Vertebrates |
| C) | Insects |
| D) | Mammals |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 3 | After phagocytosis, enzymes from the __________ digest the ingested particle: |
| A) | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| B) | Lysosome |
| C) | Nucleolus |
| D) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 4 | Superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals are known as… |
| A) | LDLs |
| B) | PCPs |
| C) | ROIs |
| D) | RNIs |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 5 | In vertebrates, monocytes are derived from stem cells in the… |
| A) | Spleen |
| B) | Bone marrow |
| C) | Lymph nodes |
| D) | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 6 | The second exposure to an antigen is known as the _____, and the lag time in antibody production is _________. |
| A) | Titer, less |
| B) | Titer, longer |
| C) | Challenge, less |
| D) | Challenge, longer |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 7 | AIDS is caused by HIV, which specifically destroys… |
| A) | Microglia |
| B) | T Cells |
| C) | B cells |
| D) | Macrophages |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
|
| 8 | Persons with one allele coding for type A blood, and one allele coding for B blood have _______ possible genotype(s). |
| A) | One |
| B) | Two |
| C) | Three |
| D) | Four |
| E) | Five |
|
| 9 | The Rh factor is usually involved in problems during… |
| A) | HIV infection |
| B) | Birth |
| C) | Inflammation |
| D) | Cancer treatment |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
|
| 10 | Antibodies are molecules shaped like an “X” and are a type of protein called immunoglobulins. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 11 | Phagocytes in circulation are known as PMNs which stands for “peripheral monocytes.” |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 12 | Microglial cells are involved in the immune system of the central nervous system. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 13 | The most abundant of the granulocytes are the neutrophils. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 14 | In invertebrates, foreign particles may be phagocytized if the particle is large, or encapsulated if it is small. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 15 | Cellular immunity is specifically associated with antibodies circulating in the blood. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 16 | A piece of tissue from an animal that is grafted back onto a member of the same species is known as… |
| A) | An allograft |
| B) | A melograft |
| C) | An opsograph |
| D) | A xenograft |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 17 | Antigens stimulate an immune response typically in the form of |
| A) | Proteins |
| B) | Carbohydrates |
| C) | Lipoproteins |
| D) | Nucleic acids |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
|
| 18 | MHC stands for Macrophage Humor Circulation; these proteins are quite variable, typically differing between unrelated individuals. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 19 | An example of a T-cell receptor is an eosinophil. These are the most abundant of leukocytes. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 20 | T-cell receptors are named CD, which stands for Cluster of Differentiation. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 21 | NK cells are named for their discoverers, Nicholson and Krebs. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 22 | The concentration of antibody after antigen exposure is known as the titer. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 23 | MHC Class I proteins are typically found on… |
| A) | Macrophages |
| B) | Monocytes |
| C) | Eosinophils |
| D) | Nearly all cells |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 24 | Antibodies are… |
| A) | Proteins called macrophages |
| B) | Lipoproteins called hybridomas |
| C) | Proteins called immunoglobulins |
| D) | Carbohydrates called T-receptors |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 25 | Antibodies are divided into classes, characterized by differences in their… |
| A) | Light chain |
| B) | Heavy chain |
| C) | Fc section |
| D) | Fab section |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 26 | Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur if an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive baby, in which case the father was Rh-positive. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 27 | Inflammation includes decreases in capillary permeability and swelling; the affected area feels cold to the touch. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 28 | Although it is not done unless other blood supplies are lacking, blood of Type O could be infused into a person of any blood type, hence blood Type O is called the universal donor. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 29 | If you have blood Type A, you may have alleles for either: both alleles for blood Type A, or one allele for blood Type O and one for blood type A. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 30 | An episode of systemic immediate hypersensitivity is known as anaphylaxis, which may be fatal if not treated immediately. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 31 | Leukocytes are said to be __________ when they are stimulated to move from their recognition phase. |
| A) | Differentiated |
| B) | Activated |
| C) | Complemented |
| D) | Presented |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
|
| 32 | The ________ is the producer of antibodies. |
| A) | Platelet |
| B) | Complement |
| C) | T cell |
| D) | B lymphocyte |
| E) | Erythrocyte |
|
| 33 | Complement is a series of proteins that are activated in sequence as a host response to invading organisms. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 34 | Which of the following terms is NOT associated with cellular defenses by phagocytosis? |
| A) | Phagocyte |
| B) | Lysosomes |
| C) | Reactive oxygen intermediates |
| D) | Reactive nitrogen intermediates |
| E) | Erythrocytes |
|
| 35 | The name polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) refers to phagocytes in the blood with a highly variable shape of their nucleus. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 36 | Opsonization is when macrophages recognize the projecting Fc regions and are stimulated to engulf the particle. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
|
| 37 | Which of the following terms is NOT associated with immediate hypersensitivity? |
| A) | Wheal |
| B) | Flare |
| C) | Anaphylaxis |
| D) | Necrosis |
| E) | All of the above are correct |