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Chapter Objectives
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The following are the main learning objectives from this chapter. To help you coordinate your studies, these objectives are organized into sub-sections (2-1, 2-2, etc.) and listed with the relevant page numbers from the textbook.
Objective 2-1

Become familiar with the basic principles of organization and focus as they apply to writing argumentative essays.

  • Learn to organize an essay around a clear point.
  • Learn the general rules for writing and revising.
  • Learn which kinds of essays to avoid.
Objective 2-2

Understand the importance of clarity to good writing.

  • Differentiate among stipulative, explanatory, précising, and persuasive definitions.
  • Be familiar with the following structures of definitions: definition by example, definition by synonym, and definition by analysis.
  • Recognize the many meanings that "meaning" can have.
Objective 2-3

Understand how ambiguity can threaten clarity.

  • Differentiate among semantic ambiguity, syntactical ambiguity, and kinds of grouping ambiguities.
  • Learn to identify fallacies of composition and division as species of grouping ambiguities.
  • Understand how to avoid ambiguity in writing.
Objective 2-4

Understand the various manifestations of vagueness.

  • Differentiate between vagueness and ambiguity.
  • Understand the problems inherent in vague comparisons and the criteria for evaluating such comparisons.
  • Learn the differences among the terms "mean," "mode," and "median."
Objective 2-5

Recognize the potential for good writing to avoid reinforcing biases about race and gender.

  • Become familiar with the methods for achieving gender-neutral writing.







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