The following are the main learning objectives from this chapter. To help you coordinate your studies, these objectives are organized into sub-sections (2-1, 2-2, etc.) and listed with the relevant page numbers from the textbook.
Objective 2-1
Become familiar with the basic principles of organization and focus as they apply to writing argumentative essays.
Learn to organize an essay around a clear point.
Learn the general rules for writing and revising.
Learn which kinds of essays to avoid.
Objective 2-2
Understand the importance of clarity to good writing.
Differentiate among stipulative, explanatory, précising, and persuasive definitions.
Be familiar with the following structures of definitions: definition by example, definition by synonym, and definition by analysis.
Recognize the many meanings that "meaning" can have.
Objective 2-3
Understand how ambiguity can threaten clarity.
Differentiate among semantic ambiguity, syntactical ambiguity, and kinds of grouping ambiguities.
Learn to identify fallacies of composition and division as species of grouping ambiguities.
Understand how to avoid ambiguity in writing.
Objective 2-4
Understand the various manifestations of vagueness.
Differentiate between vagueness and ambiguity.
Understand the problems inherent in vague comparisons and the criteria for evaluating such comparisons.
Learn the differences among the terms "mean," "mode," and "median."
Objective 2-5
Recognize the potential for good writing to avoid reinforcing biases about race and gender.
Become familiar with the methods for achieving gender-neutral writing.
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