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| 1.
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There are special challenges in studying psychopathology. Which of the following is not one of these special challenges? |
| | A) | Populations of interest can be difficult to convince to participate in research studies. |
| | B) | The scientific method is not appropriate for research on abnormality. |
| | C) | Abnormal behaviors and feelings are difficult to measure accurately. |
| | D) | Most forms of abnormality have multiple causes. |
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| 2.
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Working from most general to most specific (from left to right), which ranking of terms is accurate? |
| | A) | theory-hypothesis-operationalization |
| | B) | operationalization-theory-hypothesis |
| | C) | theory-operationalization-hypothesis |
| | D) | hypothesis-theory-operationalization |
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| 3.
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In scientific research, the null hypothesis: |
| | A) | predicts a positive or negative relationship between the phenomena being studied. |
| | B) | is rarely supported. |
| | C) | defines the way variables will be measured or manipulated. |
| | D) | is often challenged using a variety of methodologies. |
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| 4.
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A disadvantage of case studies is a lack of: |
| | A) | attention to detail. |
| | B) | objectivity. |
| | C) | emphasis on individuals' unique experiences. |
| | D) | consideration of new ideas. |
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| 5.
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A major problem for correlational studies is that they: |
| | A) | cannot establish whether one variable causes another. |
| | B) | suffer from a low level of external validity. |
| | C) | can be difficult to conduct ethically. |
| | D) | involve random assignment to a condition. |
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| 6.
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Researchers administer measures of alcohol use and impulsivity to incoming college students during their orientation to a university. They predict that higher levels of impulsivity will be associated with increased alcohol consumption. This type of study is a: |
| | A) | group comparison study. |
| | B) | longitudinal study. |
| | C) | continuous variable study. |
| | D) | longitudinal group comparison study. |
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| 7.
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A correlational coefficient of +0.80 indicates that: |
| | A) | there is a perfect relationship between the independent and dependent variables. |
| | B) | there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables. |
| | C) | values of the independent variable and the dependent variable are almost the same. |
| | D) | as values of the independent variable increase, values of the dependent variable increase. |
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| 8.
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Researchers studying the relationship between intelligence and frequency of watching sports find that questionnaires measuring these variables are correlated .30, p > .05. This suggests that: |
| | A) | As intelligence increases, sports watching tends to decrease, and this finding is likely not due to chance alone. |
| | B) | As intelligence decreases, sports-watching tends to increase, but this finding is likely due to chance alone. |
| | C) | As intelligence increases, sports watching also increases, and these findings are likely not due to chance alone. |
| | D) | There is no relationship between intelligence and sports watching, because the correlation is not statistically significant. |
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| 9.
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In epidemiological studies, the incidence of a disorder is: |
| | A) | the number of new cases of the disorder that develop during a specific period of time. |
| | B) | the proportion of the population that has the disorder at a given point or period of time. |
| | C) | the number of people who have the disorder at some point in their lives. |
| | D) | the proportion of the population who will be diagnosed with the disorder in any 12-month period. |
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| 10.
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Which type of study, if done correctly, may establish a causal relationship? |
| | A) | correlational studies |
| | B) | longitudinal studies |
| | C) | cross-sectional studies |
| | D) | therapy outcome studies |
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| 11.
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An advantage of both human laboratory and therapy outcome studies is they: |
| | A) | do not involve statistical significance tests. |
| | B) | have good internal validity. |
| | C) | involve very few ethical issues. |
| | D) | do not involve random assignment to condition. |
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| 12.
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Which of the following are used to avoid demand characteristics? |
| | A) | process debriefings |
| | B) | filler measures |
| | C) | third variables |
| | D) | random assignment |
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| 13.
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To control third variables in an experimental study, researchers: |
| | A) | use statistical significance tests. |
| | B) | conduct a longitudinal study. |
| | C) | create a control condition. |
| | D) | attempt to increase external validity. |
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| 14.
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In therapy outcome studies, researchers: |
| | A) | attempt to increase psychopathology. |
| | B) | do not use control groups for ethical reasons. |
| | C) | are able to determine exactly what it is about a therapy that works. |
| | D) | assess the impact of interventions. |
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| 15.
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A specific type of single-case experimental design in which an intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated and the participant's behavior is examined on and off treatment is called the: |
| | A) | ABBA design |
| | B) | reversal design |
| | C) | random design |
| | D) | control design |
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| 16.
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Animal studies: |
| | A) | provide results that can be easily generalized to humans. |
| | B) | are free from the ethical concerns of human studies. |
| | C) | are not useful when examining some human conditions such as depression. |
| | D) | are crucial to research on drug effectiveness. |
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| 17.
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Which of the following is not a challenge of cross-cultural research? |
| | A) | It can be difficult to apply concepts that were developed in one culture to another culture. |
| | B) | It can be difficult to translate research measures into different languages. |
| | C) | It is on the decline and considered too complicated to result in valuable data. |
| | D) | It can lead to demands for the designation of "healthy" and "unhealthy" cultures. |
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| 18.
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When conducting a meta-analysis, the researcher transforms the results of each study into a statistic called the: |
| | A) | sample size. |
| | B) | file drawer effect. |
| | C) | coefficient factor. |
| | D) | effect size. |
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| 19.
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Which of the following statements about Janice Egeland's study of the Amish is true? |
| | A) | The Amish varied greatly in education and income status and were therefore difficult to study. |
| | B) | The manifestations of depression and mania were different in the Amish. |
| | C) | The Amish were poor candidates for genetic studies of mood disorders, although much was still learned by studying them. |
| | D) | The researchers violated ethical guidelines by studying the Amish because the Amish did not wish to be studied by outsiders. |
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| 20.
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Which of the following is not a right of research subjects? |
| | A) | the right to understand the nature of the research |
| | B) | the right to confidentiality of identity |
| | C) | the right to refuse participation |
| | D) | the right to know all deceptions used in the research |
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