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| 1.
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A person who experiences depressed mood and two other symptoms of depression for at least a 2-year period during which time the depressive symptoms do not remit for more than 2 months, would be diagnosed as having: |
| | A) | double depression. |
| | B) | cyclothymic disorder. |
| | C) | major depression. |
| | D) | dysthymic disorder. |
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| 2.
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A subtype of depression in which the physiological symptoms of depression are particularly prominent is referred to as: |
| | A) | depression with catatonic features. |
| | B) | depression with melancholic features. |
| | C) | depression with psychotic features. |
| | D) | depression with atypical features. |
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| 3.
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Which of the following statements is false in terms of gender and age differences in depression? |
| | A) | Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with depression. |
| | B) | Rates of depression decrease in middle and late adulthood. |
| | C) | In adolescence, more boys report elevated depressive symptoms than girls. |
| | D) | Depression is less common among children than among adults. |
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| 4.
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Which of the following is characterized by severe depression and hypomania? |
| | A) | depression with atypical features |
| | B) | bipolar I disorder |
| | C) | bipolar II disorder |
| | D) | cyclothymic disorder |
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| 5.
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Bipolar disorder: |
| | A) | is more common in males than females. |
| | B) | is less common than unipolar depression. |
| | C) | is more common in European Americans than in other ethnic groups. |
| | D) | usually appears in middle adulthood. |
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| 6.
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Which of the following is false in regards to the role that genetics play in mood disorders? |
| | A) | Family history studies have found that the first-degree relatives of people with bipolar disorder are 2-3 times more likely to have either bipolar or unipolar depression. |
| | B) | Family history studies have found that the first-degree relatives of people with unipolar depression are more likely to have either bipolar or unipolar depression. |
| | C) | Twin studies of major depression suggest that genetics play a heavier role in this disorder for women than for men. |
| | D) | Fewer than 10% of the first-degree relatives of people with bipolar disorder will develop the disorder themselves. |
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| 7.
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Which of the following neurotransmitters are implicated in mood disorders?
a.epinephrine b. serotonin c. acetycholine d. norepinephrine e. dopamine |
| | A) | b, d, e |
| | B) | a, d, e |
| | C) | b, c, d |
| | D) | b, c, e |
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| 8.
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People with depression: |
| | A) | tend to have increased slow-wave sleep and move into rapid eye movement sleep earlier in the night than non-depressed people. |
| | B) | tend to have increased activity in the frontal cortex. |
| | C) | have less REM sleep per night than non-depressed people. |
| | D) | tend to have increased activity of the non-dominant hemisphere. |
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| 9.
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The part of the neuroendocrine system found to be hyperactive in people with depression is the: |
| | A) | cerebral cortex. |
| | B) | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. |
| | C) | cerebellum. |
| | D) | dominant brain hemisphere. |
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| 10.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to depression and women's hormonal cycles? |
| | A) | Women who have a history of depression are at increased risk for postpartum depression. |
| | B) | Women are more likely to develop depression at menopause compared to other times in their lives. |
| | C) | A large percentage of women experience increases in depressive symptoms during the premenstrual phase. |
| | D) | Women who have PMS have higher levels of estrogen and progesterone than women without PMS. |
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| 11.
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The idea that life stress leads to depression by causing a reduction in positive reinforcers is known as: |
| | A) | learned helplessness theory. |
| | B) | reformulated learned helplessness theory. |
| | C) | Lewinsohn's behavioral theory. |
| | D) | depressive realism. |
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| 12.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to cognitive theories of mood disorders? |
| | A) | The reformulated learned helplessness theory dropped the notion of causal attributions and focused, instead, on perceived control. |
| | B) | The negative cognitive triad refers to negative views of one's childhood, one's parents, and one's self. |
| | C) | Depressed people overestimate the amount of control they have over situations that are actually uncontrollable. |
| | D) | An internal-stable-global attributional style for negative events puts people at risk for depression. |
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| 13.
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Physicians often do not prescribe ____________ to treat patients who might be suicidal because an overdose would be fatal. Physicians must prescribe _____________ very carefully because of their propensity to interact with a large number of everyday products, such as cheese, chocolate, or cold medicine. |
| | A) | lithium; anticonvulsants |
| | B) | tricyclics; SSRIs |
| | C) | SSRIs; MAOIs |
| | D) | tricyclics; MAOs |
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| 14.
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Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for patients with severe depression, and may work by: |
| | A) | resetting circadian rhythms. |
| | B) | stimulating the vagus nerve. |
| | C) | increasing the number and sensitivity of serotonin receptors. |
| | D) | causing an acute release of monoamines. |
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| 15.
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Which of the following statements is false in regards to the use of lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder? |
| | A) | Lithium is more effective at reducing the symptoms of mania than the symptoms of depression. |
| | B) | People who take lithium only do so during (or just prior to) a manic episode in order to prevent its side effects. |
| | C) | There are enormous differences between the rates at which individuals absorb lithium, which makes a proper dosage difficult to ascertain. |
| | D) | Lithium is often administered in conjunction with antidepressants. |
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| 16.
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Tardive dyskinesia is: |
| | A) | a temporary side effect of lithium. |
| | B) | an anticonvulsant. |
| | C) | an irreversible condition. |
| | D) | a calcium channel blocker. |
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| 17.
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Which of the following statements is false in regards to treatments for depression? |
| | A) | Behavior therapy focuses on changing the depressed person's schedule of reinforcements and punishments. |
| | B) | Cognitive-behavioral therapy is designed to provide full relief from depression within one year. |
| | C) | Interpersonal therapy is highly effective for children. |
| | D) | Long-term psychodynamic therapy has not proven very effective in the treatment of depression. |
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| 18.
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Which type of therapy for depression looks at four types of problems—loss of loved one, role disputes, role transitions and deficits in relationship skills? |
| | A) | psychodynamic therapy |
| | B) | behavior therapy |
| | C) | cognitive-behavioral therapy |
| | D) | interpersonal therapy |
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| 19.
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Strategies to reduce the relapse rates of mood disorders include all of the following except: |
| | A) | once-a-month meetings with therapists. |
| | B) | lithium treatment. |
| | C) | regular PET scans to assess brain functioning. |
| | D) | antidepressant drug therapy. |
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| 20.
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According to the textbook, a study designed to examine the prevention of depression in high-risk adolescents has found that: |
| | A) | a low percentage of the adolescents in the treatment group developed depression during the year following the study. |
| | B) | it generally took more than fifteen sessions before the participants' levels of depressive symptoms declined. |
| | C) | few adolescents in the control group developed depression during the follow-up phase. |
| | D) | the adolescents were unresponsive to therapy designed to help them overcome negative ways of thinking. |
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