Nonverbal communication differs from verbal communication in two ways: It is more unconscious and learned implicitly.
It can reinforce, substitute for, or contradict verbal communication.
Nonverbal communication communicates relational meaning, status, and deception.
Research investigating the universality of nonverbal behaviors includes comparison of primate behavior, behavior of deaf/blind children, crosscultural studies, and search for universal social needs filled by nonverbal behaviors.
Nonverbal codes include facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, chronemics, and silence.
Sometimes cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors can lead to stereotyping of others.
Cultural space influences cultural identity and includes homes, neighborhoods, regions, and nations.
Two ways of changing cultural spaces are travel and migration.
Postmodern cultural spaces, like cyberspace, are tenuous and dynamic.
