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14.1 The Function of Genes
  • Each gene specifies the amino acid sequence of one polypeptide of a protein, molecules that are essential to the structure and function of a cell.
  • The expression of genes leading to a protein product involves two steps, called transcription and translation.
  • Three different types of RNA molecules are involved in transcription and translation.
  1. Each gene specifies a sequence of ____________ in a _______________.
    Answer
  2. What are the three types of RNA and what is the function of each?
    Answer
  3. What is transcription?
    Answer
  4. What is translation?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Investigators recoginize gene activity
  2. Genes specify enzymes
  3. Genes specify a polypeptide
  4. From DNA to RNA to protein
  5. Types of RNA
  6. The required steps
14.2 The Genetic Code
  • The genetic code is a triplet code; each code word, called a codon, consisting of three nucleotide bases, stands for a particular amino acid of a polypeptide.
  1. What is a codon?
    Answer
  2. What is meant by "the genetic code is universal"?
    Answer
  3. True or False: There is only one codon per amino acid.
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Sequence of bases in DNA
  2. Finding the genetic code
  3. The code is universal
Art Quizzes
14.3 The First Step: Transcription
  • During transcription, a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of an RNA molecule.
  1. What is the beginning of transcription?
    Answer
  2. What is the start of a gene on DNA called, in which direction is RNA synthesized and what is the end of a gene on DNA called?
    Answer
  3. What are introns and exons?
    Answer
  4. Where does transcription occur?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Transcription
  2. Messenger RNA is formed
  3. RNA polymerase
  4. Messenger RNA is processed
Art Quizzes Animations
(To play the animation, lengthen the pop-up window until the control bar appears.) Animation Quizzes
14.4 The Second Step: Translation
  • During translation, the amino acids of a specific polypeptide are joined in the order directed by a type of RNA called messenger RNA.
  1. Where does translation occur?
    Answer
  2. What is the function of transfer RNA?
    Answer
  3. What is an anti-codon and where can it be found?
    Answer
  4. Ribosomal RNA is produced from a DNA segment in the ________________ and then moves to the _______________.
    Answer
  5. What are the three steps of protein synthesis and briefly what happens in each?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Translation
  2. The role of transfer RNA
  3. The role of ribosomal RNA
  4. Translation requires three steps
Animations
(To play the animation, lengthen the pop-up window until the control bar appears.) Animation Quizzes Explorations





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