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| 1 | |
Biotechnology has been used to produce _____. |
| | A) | nucleic acids for research |
| | B) | vaccines |
| | C) | bacteria capable of producing human insulin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Environmental pollutants may be cleaned up by genetically engineered bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Small accessory rings of DNA are called _____. |
| | A) | recombinant DNA |
| | B) | plasmids |
| | C) | clones |
| | D) | transposons |
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| 4 | |
A vector is the means by which recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
The plasmid DNA is cleaved by _____. |
| | A) | DNA ligase |
| | B) | DNA polymerase |
| | C) | a restriction enzyme |
| | D) | helicase |
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| 6 | |
Which type of nucleic acid contains nucleotides from two different sources (species)? |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | rDNA |
| | C) | mRNA |
| | D) | tRNA |
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| 7 | |
A clone is a large number of __________ that are identical to the original specimen. |
| | A) | molecules |
| | B) | organisms |
| | C) | cells |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific cleavage site. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Foreign and vector DNA must be cleaved with _____ restriction enzyme when making recombinant DNA. |
| | A) | the same |
| | B) | different |
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| 10 | |
The foreign DNA is sealed into the opening created by the restriction enzyme by _____. |
| | A) | DNA polymerase |
| | B) | DNA repair enzymes |
| | C) | DNA ligase |
| | D) | helicase |
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| 11 | |
The single-stranded but complementary ends of the two DNA molecules cleaved by the restriction enzyme _____. |
| | A) | are called "sticky ends" |
| | B) | can bind by complementary base pairing |
| | C) | facilitate the insertion of foreign DNA into vector DNA |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 12 | |
A gene can be cloned by using a _____. |
| | A) | plasmid |
| | B) | virus |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 13 | |
When a bacterial cell reproduces after taking up a recombined plasmid, each new cell contains at least one plasmid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The full set of genes of an individual is called _____. |
| | A) | a genome |
| | B) | a vector |
| | C) | a plasmid |
| | D) | recombinant DNA |
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| 15 | |
In order for human gene expression to occur in a bacterium the gene has to be accompanied by _____. |
| | A) | the proper regulatory proteins |
| | B) | introns |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 16 | |
A copy of DNA can be made from mature mRNA molecules by _____. |
| | A) | DNA polymerase |
| | B) | restriction enzymes |
| | C) | reverse transcriptase |
| | D) | DNA ligase |
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| 17 | |
Complementary DNA does not contain introns. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
A single-stranded nucleotide sequence that will hybridize with a certain piece of DNA is called a _____. |
| | A) | vector |
| | B) | plasmid |
| | C) | bacteriophage |
| | D) | probe |
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| 19 | |
A genomic library _____. |
| | A) | is a collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones |
| | B) | is made by putting the sliced up pieces of an organism's DNA into vectors |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 20 | |
Probes are located by _____. |
| | A) | radioactivity |
| | B) | fluorescence |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 21 | |
Reverse transcriptase can be used to make DNA molecule that lacks introns. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
When a human gene is inserted into a bacterium it cannot contain introns because bacterial cells do not have the necessary enzymes to process primary messenger RNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
When a large quantity of gene or protein product is needed _____ is used. |
| | A) | gene cloning |
| | B) | the polymerase chain reaction |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 24 | |
DNA polymerase starts the replication process of PCR. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The polymerase chain reaction was developed by _____. |
| | A) | James Watson and Francis Crick |
| | B) | Gregor Mendel |
| | C) | Kary Mullis |
| | D) | Barbara McClintock |
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| 26 | |
PCR can target a specific DNA sequence that is less than one part in a million of the total DNA sample. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
PCR is used to _____. |
| | A) | amplify a single gene or smaller piece of DNA |
| | B) | create DNA without introns |
| | C) | insert foreign DNA into a vector |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
PCR amplification and analysis can be used to _____. |
| | A) | diagnose viral infections |
| | B) | identify criminals |
| | C) | determine evolutionary relationships of various organisms |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 29 | |
It has been possible to sequence DNA taken from a 76,000 year old mummified human brain following PCR amplification. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Treatment of the genome with restriction enzymes results in a collection of fragments which are the same size called restriction fragment length polymorphisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
The restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be separated from one another by _____. |
| | A) | autoradiography |
| | B) | PCR |
| | C) | gel electrophoresis |
| | D) | vectors |
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| 32 | |
It is not possible to alter the genotype in plants and animals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
The second enzyme needed for preparation of rDNA is DNA __________. |
| | A) | ligase |
| | B) | oxidase |
| | C) | transcriptase |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 34 | |
After the primers bind by complementary base pairing to the DNA strand the DNA polymerase copies the __________. |
| | A) | target DNA |
| | B) | mRNA |
| | C) | rDNA |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 35 | |
Transgenic organisms are organisms which _____. |
| | A) | are polyploid |
| | B) | have foreign genes inserted in them |
| | C) | are hybrids |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 36 | |
Bacteria have been genetically engineered to produce _____. |
| | A) | human growth hormone |
| | B) | human insulin |
| | C) | hepatitis B vaccine |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 37 | |
Human insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria _____. |
| | A) | is exactly the same as insulin produced by normal humans |
| | B) | can cause harmful side effects in the people to whom it is given |
| | C) | does not function like insulin produced by normal humans |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 38 | |
Bacteria engineered to do a better job of decomposing oil are important to the field of _____. |
| | A) | agronomy |
| | B) | bioremediation |
| | C) | oncology |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 39 | |
The use of animal organs instead of human organs for transplantation is called _____. |
| | A) | autotransplantation |
| | B) | allotransplantation |
| | C) | xenotransplantation |
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| 40 | |
Transplant organs must come from humans or other animals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 41 | |
Problems associated with xenotransplantation include _____. |
| | A) | objection by some people to the use of animals for this purpose |
| | B) | the fear that viruses carried by the animals may cause an epidemic in humans |
| | C) | long term survival of the transplanted organs |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 42 | |
A working _____ has been produced in the laboratory. |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | urinary bladder |
| | C) | kidney |
| | D) | heart |
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| 43 | |
An advantage to the implants created by tissue engineers is that _____. |
| | A) | they can easily be withdrawn |
| | B) | immune cells are too big to enter the implant and destroy the cells inside |
| | C) | the product easily diffuses out of the implant |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 44 | |
Ordinary pig organs are often used for xenotransplants because the human immune system does not respond to their presence. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 45 | |
Genetically engineered plants produce _____. |
| | A) | inexpensive antibodies |
| | B) | biodegradable plastic |
| | C) | a higher yield than hybrid plants developed during the Green Revolution |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 46 | |
Foreign genes can be inserted into plant cells that have had the cell wall removed called _____. |
| | A) | protoplasts |
| | B) | vectors |
| | C) | plasmids |
| | D) | implants |
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| 47 | |
Urine is a preferable vehicle for a biotechnology product because _____. |
| | A) | all animals urinate |
| | B) | males don't produce milk |
| | C) | urination begins at birth |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 48 | |
The use of transgenic animals to produce pharmaceuticals is referred to as _____. |
| | A) | bioremediation |
| | B) | gene pharming |
| | C) | gene therapy |
| | D) | cloning |
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| 49 | |
Muscle cells, nerve cells, and glandular cells have different genes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 50 | |
The cloning of an adult vertebrate is impossible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 51 | |
Cloning is a form of _____ reproduction. |
| | A) | sexual |
| | B) | asexual |
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| 52 | |
It is estimated that there are _____ human genes. |
| | A) | 100 |
| | B) | 250 |
| | C) | 500 |
| | D) | 1000+ |
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| 53 | |
Efficiently sequencing the human genome requires _____. |
| | A) | PCR instruments that copy the pieces many times |
| | B) | an automatic DNA sequencer that determines the order of the base pairs |
| | C) | a computer program to string sequenced pieces together by looking for base sequence overlaps |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 54 | |
Only nonprofit biochemical laboratories are involved in the sequencing of the human genome. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 55 | |
The goal of the Human Genome Project is to _____. |
| | A) | construct a genetic map of the human genome |
| | B) | construct a base sequence map |
| | C) | create defect free individuals |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 56 | |
It is known that persons with _____ have a unique site where a restriction enzyme cuts DNA and this difference from the normal is used to test for the defect. |
| | A) | hypertension |
| | B) | Huntington disease |
| | C) | cystic fibrosis |
| | D) | Alzheimer disease |
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| 57 | |
In vivo gene therapy takes place _____ the body. |
| | A) | inside |
| | B) | outside |
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| 58 | |
There are not any approved human gene therapy trials underway at this time. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 59 | |
A normal gene may be introduced to the individual undergoing in vivo gene therapy by a _____. |
| | A) | retroviruses |
| | B) | lipsome |
| | C) | adenovirus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 60 | |
Gene therapy _____. |
| | A) | involves procedures to give a patient a healthy chromosome to make up for a faulty one |
| | B) | is done only inside the body |
| | C) | uses genes to treat human illness such as cancer and cardiovascular disease |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 61 | |
If a retrovirus was used to introduce a normal gene into a cell which was then returned to the patient ____ gene therapy was performed. |
| | A) | in vivo |
| | B) | ex vivo |
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| 62 | |
Some investigators prefer the use of _____for gene therapy since they can be produced in large quantities and are active even when they are not dividing. |
| | A) | retroviruses |
| | B) | bacteriophages |
| | C) | adenoviruses |
| | D) | liposomes |
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| 63 | |
Gene therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia uses a retrovirus to insert normal genes into _____ cells. |
| | A) | bone marrow stem |
| | B) | tumor |
| | C) | liver |
| | D) | ovarian |
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| 64 | |
Gene therapy for treatment of cancer can be used to _____. |
| | A) | make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy |
| | B) | make tumors more vulnerable to chemotherapy |
| | C) | introduce a normal p53 gene into lung cancer tumors |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 65 | |
A retrovirus _____. |
| | A) | is a DNA virus |
| | B) | integrates DNA into the host chromosome |
| | C) | is active immediately after insertion into the host cell |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 66 | |
In gene therapy _____ is used to carry a normal gene into the genome. |
| | A) | complementary DNA |
| | B) | messenger RNA |
| | C) | recombinant DNA |
| | D) | DNA polymerase |
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| 67 | |
A disadvantage to using chemotherapy to treat cancer patients is that is often kills off healthy cells as well as cancer cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 68 | |
With a ex vivo method of gene therapy it is possible to test and make sure the gene transfer has occured before the cells are returned to the patient. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 69 | |
The p53 gene _____ |
| | A) | is often mutated in tumor cells |
| | B) | causes apoptosis in cells with damaged DNA |
| | C) | regulates the cell cycle |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 70 | |
Gene therapy will likely expand once the Human Genome Project is completed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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