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| 1 | |
Viruses can be seen with a light microscope. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
The study of viruses has contributed much to our understanding of _____. |
| | A) | disease |
| | B) | genetics |
| | C) | the characteristics of living things |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
The classification of viruses is based on _____. |
| | A) | their type of nucleic acid |
| | B) | size and shape |
| | C) | the presence or absence of an outer envelope |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
Viruses do not display any characteristics of living things. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Viruses always have at least _____. |
| | A) | an outer capsid |
| | B) | a cell wall |
| | C) | an inner core of nucleic acid |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 7 | |
A naked virus lacks a membranous envelope. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Viruses have both DNA and RNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Viruses are described as non-living because they _____. |
| | A) | don't metabolize |
| | B) | aren't organized on a cellular level |
| | C) | don't respond to stimuli |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following characteristics of living things do viruses have? |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | cellular organization |
| | C) | evolution |
| | D) | independent reproduction |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is correctly matched? |
| | A) | tobacco mosaic virus - plants |
| | B) | hepatitis viruses - brain cells |
| | C) | bacteriophages - spleen cells |
| | D) | rabies virus - fish |
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| 12 | |
A virus relies on the host's _____ for its own reproduction. |
| | A) | enzymes |
| | B) | ribosomes |
| | C) | tRNA and ATP |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 13 | |
Viruses are not able to multiply outside a living cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following produces cells that carry a copy of the latent viral DNA? |
| | A) | the lysogenic cycle |
| | B) | the lytic cycle |
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| 15 | |
Viral DNA does not change so vaccinations are effective for your entire lifetime. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
In the _____ cycle viral replication immediately occurs and viruses are released after lysozyme disrupts the cell wall. |
| | A) | lytic |
| | B) | lysogenic |
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| 17 | |
Viral DNA and capsids are assembled to produce hundreds of viral particles during the _____ stage of the lytic cycle. |
| | A) | attachment |
| | B) | biosynthesis |
| | C) | maturation |
| | D) | release |
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| 18 | |
Which is the correct order of lytic cycle stages? |
| | A) | release, maturation, attachment, penetration, biosynthesis |
| | B) | attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release |
| | C) | attachment, biosynthesis, maturation, penetration, release |
| | D) | maturation, attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, release |
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| 19 | |
RNA animal viruses that have a DNA stage are called _____. |
| | A) | bacteriophages |
| | B) | retroviruses |
| | C) | viroids |
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| 20 | |
Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are retroviruses. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Prions _____. |
| | A) | are disease causing proteins |
| | B) | are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
| | C) | have been linked to mad cow disease |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
Disease causing naked strands of RNA are called _____. |
| | A) | prions |
| | B) | viroids |
| | C) | bacteriophages |
| | D) | retroviruses |
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| 23 | |
Viral diseases _____. |
| | A) | should be treated with antibiotics |
| | B) | include syphilis, tuberculosis, tetanus and the bubonic plague |
| | C) | can be prevented with vaccinations |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Some viruses are cancer causing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The prokaryotes include _____. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | archaea |
| | C) | viruses |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 26 | |
Prokaryotes are found living _____. |
| | A) | at deep sea vents |
| | B) | beneath Antarctic ice |
| | C) | in humans' intestines |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
Some bacteria are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
In prokaryotes, genetics recombination can occur by _____. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transduction |
| | C) | transformation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 29 | |
Which of the following is not characteristic of a prokaryote? |
| | A) | cell wall |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | plasma membrane |
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| 30 | |
Prokaryotes can escape detection by our immune system if they have a _____. |
| | A) | capsule and/or slime layer |
| | B) | plasma membrane |
| | C) | cell wall |
| | D) | nucleus |
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| 31 | |
Prokaryotes reproduce _____. |
| | A) | sexually |
| | B) | by binary fission |
| | C) | by conjugation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 32 | |
A sex pilus is used to exchange DNA between bacteria during _____. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | transduction |
| | D) | binary fission |
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| 33 | |
Surgical instruments are sterilized by autoclaving so that _____, which form when conditions are unfavorable, are destroyed. |
| | A) | plasmids |
| | B) | slime layers |
| | C) | pili |
| | D) | endospores |
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| 34 | |
Endospores _____. |
| | A) | are a means of reproduction |
| | B) | can survive for hundreds of years |
| | C) | cannot be killed |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 35 | |
Many prokaryotes have accessory rings of DNA called _____ which of often used as vectors for genetic engineering. |
| | A) | fimbriae |
| | B) | nucleoids |
| | C) | plasmids |
| | D) | ribosomes |
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| 36 | |
The oldest known fossils are of _____. |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | prokaryotes |
| | C) | eukaryotes |
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| 37 | |
The primary source of genetic variability in prokaryotes is _____. |
| | A) | mutations |
| | B) | transduction |
| | C) | conjugation |
| | D) | transformation |
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| 38 | |
Since prokaryotes are haploid mutations are immediately subjected to natural selection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
Facultative anaerobes _____. |
| | A) | require a constant supply of oxygen |
| | B) | grow in the presence or absence of oxygen |
| | C) | die in the presence of oxygen |
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| 40 | |
Prokaryotes at deep-sea vents which support the growth of the whole community are _____. |
| | A) | photoautotrophs |
| | B) | absorptive heterotrophs |
| | C) | consumptive heterotrophs |
| | D) | chemoautotrophs |
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| 41 | |
Photoautotrophic bacteria all produce oxygen when they perform photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 42 | |
With which of the following do chemoheterotrophic bacteria form mutualistic symbiotic relationships? |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | humans |
| | C) | cows |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 43 | |
Which of the following is associated with prokaryotic activity? |
| | A) | decomposition |
| | B) | production of antibiotics |
| | C) | nitrogen fixation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 44 | |
Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria _____. |
| | A) | stain differently with Gram stain |
| | B) | have different amounts of peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 45 | |
Bacteria (domain Bacteria) are the more common type of prokaryote. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 46 | |
The cell walls of prokaryotes are distinguished by the presence of _____. |
| | A) | chitin |
| | B) | peptidoglycan |
| | C) | silica |
| | D) | cellulose |
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| 47 | |
There is/are _____ basic shape(s) of bacteria. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 48 | |
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacillus which is _____. |
| | A) | round |
| | B) | helical-shaped |
| | C) | rod-shaped |
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| 49 | |
Bacteria that photosynthesize and are common in fresh water, soil, and moist surfaces are _____. |
| | A) | archaea |
| | B) | cyanobacteria |
| | C) | commensals |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 50 | |
Bacteria classified as streptococci are _____. |
| | A) | round or spherical |
| | B) | rod-shaped |
| | C) | spiral or helical-shaped |
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| 51 | |
Carl Woese pioneered a new method of classifying bacteria based on the phylogenetic comparisons of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 52 | |
Prior to classification based on ribosomal RNA analysis bacteria were subdivided into groups based on phenotypic characteristics like Gram-negative or rod-shaped. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 53 | |
Cyanobacteria are able to fix nitrogen with their _____. |
| | A) | endospores |
| | B) | chloroplasts |
| | C) | heterocysts |
| | D) | nuclei |
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| 54 | |
The _____ are believed to be responsible for first introducing oxygen into the primitive atmosphere. |
| | A) | green sulfur bacteria |
| | B) | cyanobacteria |
| | C) | purple bacteria |
| | D) | methanogens |
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| 55 | |
Gram negative bacteria _____. |
| | A) | appear pink when stained with gram stain |
| | B) | have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 56 | |
Cyanobacteria _____. |
| | A) | are gram negative |
| | B) | perform photosynthesis in the same manner as plants |
| | C) | can be unicellular, colonial or filamentous |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 57 | |
The _____ are a phenotypically diverse group of bacteria. |
| | A) | Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) |
| | B) | Cyanobacteria |
| | C) | Chlamydiae |
| | D) | Planctomycetes |
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| 58 | |
All photosynthetic bacteria produce oxygen during photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 59 | |
Organisms classified as Spirochaeta or Leptospira are _____ shaped. |
| | A) | round or spherical |
| | B) | rod |
| | C) | spiral or helical |
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| 60 | |
Cyanobacteria have chloroplasts in their cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 61 | |
Cyanobacteria have symbiotic relationships with _____ to form lichens. |
| | A) | liverworts |
| | B) | corals |
| | C) | fungi |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 62 | |
The halophile archaebacteria live _____. |
| | A) | in swamps, marshes, and the guts of animals |
| | B) | in salty areas, like the edge of the ocean |
| | C) | where it is hot and acidic |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 63 | |
The eukaryotic organisms are believed to be more closely related to the archaea than to the bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 64 | |
Archaea and eukarya _____. |
| | A) | initiate transcription in the same manner |
| | B) | have similar types of RNA |
| | C) | share some of the same ribosomal proteins not found in bacteria |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 65 | |
Some archaea _____. |
| | A) | have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan |
| | B) | have no cell wall |
| | C) | have cell walls that contain chitin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 66 | |
The metabolism of archaea suggests that chemoautotrophy predates photoautotrophy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 67 | |
Archaea can be found living in _____ relationships. |
| | A) | parasitic |
| | B) | commensalistic |
| | C) | mutualistic |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 68 | |
The activity of the _____ contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming. |
| | A) | halophiles |
| | B) | methanogens |
| | C) | cyanobacteria |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 69 | |
The archaea which are found living in extremely hot acidic environments such as hot springs, geysers, thermal vents and around volcanoes are known as _____. |
| | A) | cyanobacteria |
| | B) | aquificales |
| | C) | thermoacidophiles |
| | D) | methanogens |
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| 70 | |
There are no photosynthetic archaea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 71 | |
The gram staining technique is useful for identification of the various archaea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 72 | |
The _____ have a number of mechanisms to survive in environments that are high in salt. |
| | A) | halophiles |
| | B) | methanogens |
| | C) | thermoacidophiles |
| | D) | cyanobacteria |
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| 73 | |
Which of the following is a viral disease in humans? |
| | A) | genital herpes |
| | B) | influenza |
| | C) | rabies |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 74 | |
Which of the following is not a bacterial disease in humans? |
| | A) | lyme disease |
| | B) | tuberculosis |
| | C) | gonorrhea |
| | D) | hepatitis |
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| 75 | |
Antibiotics _____. |
| | A) | selectively kill bacteria |
| | B) | should be used whenever someone feels sick |
| | C) | only kill of the disease causing bacteria |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 76 | |
Viruses are not susceptible to antibiotics so antibiotics should not be taken when you have a cold or the flu. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 77 | |
Which of the following is a problem associated with antibiotic therapy? |
| | A) | misuse of antibiotics increases the number of antibiotic resistant strains |
| | B) | people can die if given an antibiotic to which they are allergic |
| | C) | the use of antibiotics can prevent natural immunity from occurring |
| | D) | all of the above |
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