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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Which of the following is an essential element in plants?
A)nitrogen
B)nickel
C)aluminum
D)lead
2
An element is essential if ______.
A)it has an identifiable nutritional role
B)a deficiency of the element causes the plant to die without completing its life cycle
C)no other element can substitute and fulfill the same role
D)all of the above
3
The essential element involved in the formation and stability of cell walls is _____.
A)potassium
B)phosphorus
C)calcium
D)sulphur
4
Hydroponics has allowed investigators to more accurately determine which nutrients are essential.
A)True
B)False
5
Nitrogen is an essential element because it is a component of _____.
A)proteins
B)DNA
C)chlorophyll
D)all of the above
6
Under ideal conditions, depending on the type of original rock and various processes at work, it may take 15 years for a centimeter of soil to develop.
A)True
B)False
7
The organisms that can grow on pure rock are _____.
A)mosses
B)lichens
C)both A and B
8
Humus _____.
A)supplies nutrients to plants
B)leaches minerals from rock
C)is the accumulation of decaying organic matter
D)all of the above
9
A soil with mostly _____ particles has large spaces and the water drains right through them.
A)silt
B)sand
C)clay
10
The nitrogen content of a soil is apt to be low in a soil with a large number of clay particles.
A)True
B)False
11
Loam soil has roughly one-third sand, silt, and clay particles.
A)True
B)False
12
Soil with a high concentration of _____ particles holds water.
A)silt
B)sand
C)clay
13
Plants get _____ from the soil.
A)water
B)minerals
C)air
D)all the above
14
The final decomposition of organic remains in humus to inorganic nutrients is performed by _____.
A)protozoa
B)earthworms
C)small plants
D)all of the above
15
All soil organisms are helpful to plants because they add nutrients to the soil.
A)True
B)False
16
Leaves and other plant remains are broken down by _____ which eat the plant material.
A)fungi
B)algae
C)centipedes
D)all of the above
17
Plants are able to get all the nitrogen they need from N2 in the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
18
Carbon dioxide and water are combined during photosynthesis to form _____.
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)nucleic acids
D)lipids
19
Soil erosion is caused by _____.
A)planting trees
B)overgrazing marginal lands
C)both A and B
20
The soil profile varies according to a particular ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
21
Soil that contains humus is less nutritious for plants.
A)True
B)False
22
Humus _____.
A)is acidic and retains positively charged minerals until plants take them up
B)helps aerate the soil
C)decreases the chances of runoff after a rain
D)all of the above
23
Macronutrients are found in greater concentration in plant tissue than micronutrients.
A)True
B)False
24
Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A)oxygen
B)iron
C)carbon
D)phosphorous
25
All plants perform photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
26
Mycorrhizal association involves plant roots and _____.
A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)both A and B
27
Minerals are transported upwards from the roots in _____.
A)xylem
B)phloem
C)the casparian strip
28
Water enters the endodermal cells _____.
A)when it is forced to by the casparian strip
B)by entering epidermal cells at their root hairs and progressing through cells across the cortex
C)both A and B
29
ATP is required for mineral ion transport.
A)True
B)False
30
When H+ are diffusing down their concentration gradient, _____ charged mineral ions can cross the membrane by hitching a ride with the H+.
A)positively
B)negatively
31
Some plants have a _____ relationship with bacteria that infect their roots.
A)parasitic
B)commensalistic
C)mutualistic
32
Which of the following is likely to have roots infected by Rhizobium bacteria?
A)soybeans
B)peas
C)alfalfa
D)all of the above
33
Bacteria living in root nodules receive _____ from the plant.
A)nitrogen
B)carbohydrates
C)oxygen
D)all of the above
34
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria _____.
A)reduce nitrogen to NH4+
B)can break the triple bond in N2
C)form mutualistic relationships with legumes
D)all of the above
35
Surface area for the uptake of water and minerals is increased by _____.
A)root hairs
B)mycorrhizae
C)both A and B
36
Epiphytes do not grow in the soil.
A)True
B)False
37
Plants can get the nitrogen they need from _____.
A)nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots
B)the activity of soil bacteria
C)insects they trap and digest
D)all of the above
38
Plants that trap and digest insects are heterotrophic.
A)True
B)False
39
Epiphytes _____.
A)grow on larger plants
B)parasitize the larger plants on which they live
C)both A and B
40
Epiphytes can get their water _____.
A)by catching rain in special pockets at the base of their leaves
B)by absorbing it from the atmosphere with their roots
C)both A and B
41
If roots are deprived of oxygen or are poisoned so they can't perform cellular respiration, mineral ion uptake declines.
A)True
B)False
42
Most plants have mycorrhizae on which they are extrememly dependent.
A)True
B)False
43
Mycorrhizae are an example of _____.
A)mutualism
B)commensalism
C)parasitism
44
Mycorrhizal fungi _____.
A)are used by some plants to extract nutrients from nearby trees
B)get sugars and amino acids from the plant root
C)facilitate the germination of some seeds
D)all of the above
45
The water required for photosynthesis is absorbed by the _____.
A)roots
B)leaves
C)both A and B
46
Roots cannot carry out photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
47
The vessel elements form a hollow pipeline from the roots to the leaves.
A)True
B)False
48
The plant can move phloem sap _____.
A)upwards
B)downwards
C)both A and B
49
In order for water to reach xylem it must pass through the root.
A)True
B)False
50
Each stoma has __________ guard cell(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
51
The pressure-flow model is an explanation for the ______.
A)movement of organic materials in phloem
B)movement of H2O in xylem
C)movement of minerals in xylem
52
Which plant structure receives organic nutrients?
A)young leaves
B)flowers
C)roots
D)all of the above
53
An accumulation of _____ ions within guard cells causes the stomates to open.
A)calcium
B)hydrogen
C)potassium
D)chlorine
54
Vascular transport _____.
A)is passive
B)requires energy
C)either A or B
55
When the stomates are closed, water is conserved, but photosynthesis cannot take place.
A)True
B)False
56
Which of the following causes the stomates to close?
A)low CO2
B)water shortage
C)sunlight
57
Which of the following structures is a sink?
A)root
B)fruit
C)recently formed leaves
D)all of the above
58
Sugar must be actively transported into the phloem.
A)True
B)False
59
The _____ form a continuous pipeline from a source to a sink.
A)sieve tubes
B)vessel elements
C)tracheids
D)stomates
60
Sieve tube elements are connected to one another by _____ to form a continuous pipeline for sugars.
A)gap junctions
B)adhesion junctions
C)plasmodesmata
D)lignin
61
When a tree is girdled, the _____ is removed.
A)phloem
B)xylem
62
Scientists have used radioactively labeled _____ to confirm that phloem transports organic nutrients.
A)O2
B)CO2
C)H2O
D)K+
63
Samples of sap can be obtained without injuring the phloem by using _____.
A)hypodermic needles
B)ticks
C)girdling
D)aphids
64
When sugar is actively transported into the phloem, _____.
A)active transport moves it towards the sink
B)it diffuses to areas of high concentration
C)water follows by osmosis
D)all of the above
65
The pressure-flow model of phloem transport can account for any direction of flow in sieve tubes.
A)True
B)False
66
Tracheids and vessel elements are the cells which comprise _____ which transports water and minerals.
A)parenchyma
B)xylem
C)phloem
D)cork cambium
67
Xylem is composed of strong-walled nonliving cells which give trees internal support.
A)True
B)False
68
Which chemical property of water is important to the movement of xylem sap?
A)hydrogen bonding between water molecules
B)the polarity of water
C)both A and B
69
Water enters the cells of a wilted plant because the cells have a _____ water potential.
A)lower
B)higher
70
The mechanism for xylem transport of water is suggested by the _____ model.
A)cohesion-tension
B)endosymbiotic
C)fluid mosaic
D)pressure flow
71
Water stops entering a cell when the pressure potential inside the cell increases and balances the osmotic pressure outside the cell.
A)True
B)False
72
Water potential is determined by _____.
A)water pressure across a membrane
B)solute concentration across a membrane
C)both A and B
73
Root pressure may be responsible for _____ when drops of water are forced out of vein endings along the edges of the leaves.
A)transpiration
B)erosion
C)guttation
D)girdling
74
Vessel elements have no end walls.
A)True
B)False
75
Photosynthesis requires _____.
A)an abundant supply of water
B)open stomates
C)carbon dioxide
D)all of the above
76
Less than 10% of the water taken up by the roots is lost by transpiration.
A)True
B)False
77
When the stomates open _____.
A)carbon dioxide enters the leaf
B)water evaporates from the leaf
C)both A and B
78
The tension in the cohesion-tension model refers to the negative pressure created by transpiration that draws the water column up in vessels from the roots to the leaves.
A)True
B)False
79
An epiphyte is a plant that lives on, but is not parasitic on, a tree.
A)True
B)False







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