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| 1 | |
Which of the following is an essential element in plants? |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | nickel |
| | C) | aluminum |
| | D) | lead |
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| 2 | |
An element is essential if ______. |
| | A) | it has an identifiable nutritional role |
| | B) | a deficiency of the element causes the plant to die without completing its life cycle |
| | C) | no other element can substitute and fulfill the same role |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 3 | |
The essential element involved in the formation and stability of cell walls is _____. |
| | A) | potassium |
| | B) | phosphorus |
| | C) | calcium |
| | D) | sulphur |
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| 4 | |
Hydroponics has allowed investigators to more accurately determine which nutrients are essential. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Nitrogen is an essential element because it is a component of _____. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | chlorophyll |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 6 | |
Under ideal conditions, depending on the type of original rock and various processes at work, it may take 15 years for a centimeter of soil to develop. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The organisms that can grow on pure rock are _____. |
| | A) | mosses |
| | B) | lichens |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 8 | |
Humus _____. |
| | A) | supplies nutrients to plants |
| | B) | leaches minerals from rock |
| | C) | is the accumulation of decaying organic matter |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
A soil with mostly _____ particles has large spaces and the water drains right through them. |
| | A) | silt |
| | B) | sand |
| | C) | clay |
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| 10 | |
The nitrogen content of a soil is apt to be low in a soil with a large number of clay particles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Loam soil has roughly one-third sand, silt, and clay particles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Soil with a high concentration of _____ particles holds water. |
| | A) | silt |
| | B) | sand |
| | C) | clay |
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| 13 | |
Plants get _____ from the soil. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | minerals |
| | C) | air |
| | D) | all the above |
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| 14 | |
The final decomposition of organic remains in humus to inorganic nutrients is performed by _____. |
| | A) | protozoa |
| | B) | earthworms |
| | C) | small plants |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
All soil organisms are helpful to plants because they add nutrients to the soil. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Leaves and other plant remains are broken down by _____ which eat the plant material. |
| | A) | fungi |
| | B) | algae |
| | C) | centipedes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Plants are able to get all the nitrogen they need from N2 in the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Carbon dioxide and water are combined during photosynthesis to form _____. |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | nucleic acids |
| | D) | lipids |
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| 19 | |
Soil erosion is caused by _____. |
| | A) | planting trees |
| | B) | overgrazing marginal lands |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 20 | |
The soil profile varies according to a particular ecosystem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Soil that contains humus is less nutritious for plants. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
Humus _____. |
| | A) | is acidic and retains positively charged minerals until plants take them up |
| | B) | helps aerate the soil |
| | C) | decreases the chances of runoff after a rain |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 23 | |
Macronutrients are found in greater concentration in plant tissue than micronutrients. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following is not a macronutrient? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | iron |
| | C) | carbon |
| | D) | phosphorous |
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| 25 | |
All plants perform photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Mycorrhizal association involves plant roots and _____. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 27 | |
Minerals are transported upwards from the roots in _____. |
| | A) | xylem |
| | B) | phloem |
| | C) | the casparian strip |
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| 28 | |
Water enters the endodermal cells _____. |
| | A) | when it is forced to by the casparian strip |
| | B) | by entering epidermal cells at their root hairs and progressing through cells across the cortex |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 29 | |
ATP is required for mineral ion transport. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
When H+ are diffusing down their concentration gradient, _____ charged mineral ions can cross the membrane by hitching a ride with the H+. |
| | A) | positively |
| | B) | negatively |
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| 31 | |
Some plants have a _____ relationship with bacteria that infect their roots. |
| | A) | parasitic |
| | B) | commensalistic |
| | C) | mutualistic |
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| 32 | |
Which of the following is likely to have roots infected by Rhizobium bacteria? |
| | A) | soybeans |
| | B) | peas |
| | C) | alfalfa |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
Bacteria living in root nodules receive _____ from the plant. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 34 | |
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria _____. |
| | A) | reduce nitrogen to NH4+ |
| | B) | can break the triple bond in N2 |
| | C) | form mutualistic relationships with legumes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 35 | |
Surface area for the uptake of water and minerals is increased by _____. |
| | A) | root hairs |
| | B) | mycorrhizae |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 36 | |
Epiphytes do not grow in the soil. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 37 | |
Plants can get the nitrogen they need from _____. |
| | A) | nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots |
| | B) | the activity of soil bacteria |
| | C) | insects they trap and digest |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 38 | |
Plants that trap and digest insects are heterotrophic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
Epiphytes _____. |
| | A) | grow on larger plants |
| | B) | parasitize the larger plants on which they live |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 40 | |
Epiphytes can get their water _____. |
| | A) | by catching rain in special pockets at the base of their leaves |
| | B) | by absorbing it from the atmosphere with their roots |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 41 | |
If roots are deprived of oxygen or are poisoned so they can't perform cellular respiration, mineral ion uptake declines. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 42 | |
Most plants have mycorrhizae on which they are extrememly dependent. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 43 | |
Mycorrhizae are an example of _____. |
| | A) | mutualism |
| | B) | commensalism |
| | C) | parasitism |
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| 44 | |
Mycorrhizal fungi _____. |
| | A) | are used by some plants to extract nutrients from nearby trees |
| | B) | get sugars and amino acids from the plant root |
| | C) | facilitate the germination of some seeds |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 45 | |
The water required for photosynthesis is absorbed by the _____. |
| | A) | roots |
| | B) | leaves |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 46 | |
Roots cannot carry out photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 47 | |
The vessel elements form a hollow pipeline from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 48 | |
The plant can move phloem sap _____. |
| | A) | upwards |
| | B) | downwards |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 49 | |
In order for water to reach xylem it must pass through the root. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 50 | |
Each stoma has __________ guard cell(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
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| 51 | |
The pressure-flow model is an explanation for the ______. |
| | A) | movement of organic materials in phloem |
| | B) | movement of H2O in xylem |
| | C) | movement of minerals in xylem |
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| 52 | |
Which plant structure receives organic nutrients? |
| | A) | young leaves |
| | B) | flowers |
| | C) | roots |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 53 | |
An accumulation of _____ ions within guard cells causes the stomates to open. |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | potassium |
| | D) | chlorine |
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| 54 | |
Vascular transport _____. |
| | A) | is passive |
| | B) | requires energy |
| | C) | either A or B |
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| 55 | |
When the stomates are closed, water is conserved, but photosynthesis cannot take place. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 56 | |
Which of the following causes the stomates to close? |
| | A) | low CO2 |
| | B) | water shortage |
| | C) | sunlight |
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| 57 | |
Which of the following structures is a sink? |
| | A) | root |
| | B) | fruit |
| | C) | recently formed leaves |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 58 | |
Sugar must be actively transported into the phloem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 59 | |
The _____ form a continuous pipeline from a source to a sink. |
| | A) | sieve tubes |
| | B) | vessel elements |
| | C) | tracheids |
| | D) | stomates |
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| 60 | |
Sieve tube elements are connected to one another by _____ to form a continuous pipeline for sugars. |
| | A) | gap junctions |
| | B) | adhesion junctions |
| | C) | plasmodesmata |
| | D) | lignin |
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| 61 | |
When a tree is girdled, the _____ is removed. |
| | A) | phloem |
| | B) | xylem |
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| 62 | |
Scientists have used radioactively labeled _____ to confirm that phloem transports organic nutrients. |
| | A) | O2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | H2O |
| | D) | K+ |
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| 63 | |
Samples of sap can be obtained without injuring the phloem by using _____. |
| | A) | hypodermic needles |
| | B) | ticks |
| | C) | girdling |
| | D) | aphids |
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| 64 | |
When sugar is actively transported into the phloem, _____. |
| | A) | active transport moves it towards the sink |
| | B) | it diffuses to areas of high concentration |
| | C) | water follows by osmosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 65 | |
The pressure-flow model of phloem transport can account for any direction of flow in sieve tubes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 66 | |
Tracheids and vessel elements are the cells which comprise _____ which transports water and minerals. |
| | A) | parenchyma |
| | B) | xylem |
| | C) | phloem |
| | D) | cork cambium |
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| 67 | |
Xylem is composed of strong-walled nonliving cells which give trees internal support. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 68 | |
Which chemical property of water is important to the movement of xylem sap? |
| | A) | hydrogen bonding between water molecules |
| | B) | the polarity of water |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 69 | |
Water enters the cells of a wilted plant because the cells have a _____ water potential. |
| | A) | lower |
| | B) | higher |
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| 70 | |
The mechanism for xylem transport of water is suggested by the _____ model. |
| | A) | cohesion-tension |
| | B) | endosymbiotic |
| | C) | fluid mosaic |
| | D) | pressure flow |
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| 71 | |
Water stops entering a cell when the pressure potential inside the cell increases and balances the osmotic pressure outside the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 72 | |
Water potential is determined by _____. |
| | A) | water pressure across a membrane |
| | B) | solute concentration across a membrane |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 73 | |
Root pressure may be responsible for _____ when drops of water are forced out of vein endings along the edges of the leaves. |
| | A) | transpiration |
| | B) | erosion |
| | C) | guttation |
| | D) | girdling |
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| 74 | |
Vessel elements have no end walls. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 75 | |
Photosynthesis requires _____. |
| | A) | an abundant supply of water |
| | B) | open stomates |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 76 | |
Less than 10% of the water taken up by the roots is lost by transpiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 77 | |
When the stomates open _____. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide enters the leaf |
| | B) | water evaporates from the leaf |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 78 | |
The tension in the cohesion-tension model refers to the negative pressure created by transpiration that draws the water column up in vessels from the roots to the leaves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 79 | |
An epiphyte is a plant that lives on, but is not parasitic on, a tree. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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