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1
The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____.
A)the sameness of living things
B)the diversity of living things
C)both A and B
2
Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?
A)nucleic acid
B)amino acid
C)fatty acid
D)none of the above
3
Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.
A)carbon and nitrogen
B)hydrogen and carbon
C)hydrogen and phosphorus
D)carbon and potassium
4
Inorganic molecules do not affect living things.
A)True
B)False
5
Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)salts
D)nucleic acids
6
Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.
A)True
B)False
7
Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms.
A)two
B)four
C)six
D)eight
8
Functional groups of organic molecules __________.
A)determine the polarity of an organic molecule
B)have specific chemical characteristics
C)can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another
D)all of the above
9
The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.
A)condensation synthesis
B)ionization
C)hydrolysis
D)phagocytosis
10
During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed.
A)True
B)False
11
Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?
A)monosaccharide - polysaccharide
B)nucleic acid - polypeptide
C)nucleotide - nucleic acid
D)amino acid - polypeptide
12
During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.
A)starch
B)cholesterol
C)water
D)DNA
13
Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation.
A)True
B)False
14
Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.
A)True
B)False
15
Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms.
A)True
B)False
16
Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A)ribose
B)glucose
C)phospholipid
D)starch
17
A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.
A)hydrolysis
B)condensation
18
Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?
A)chitin
B)starch
C)lactose
D)fructose
19
Cellulose is easily digested by humans.
A)True
B)False
20
Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.
A)cellulose
B)lactose
C)starch
D)glucose
21
Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.
A)cellulose
B)glycogen
C)chitin
D)starch
22
Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?
A)energy storage
B)identification of cell type
C)plant cell wall support
D)all of the above
23
Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers?
A)glucose
B)chitin
C)glycogen
D)maltose
24
Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.
A)starch
B)chitin
C)cellulose
D)glycogen
25
Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.
A)DNA
B)RNA
26
Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.
A)oils
B)waxes
C)sugars
D)proteins
27
Which best describes a saturated fat?
A)many C=C bonds in its fatty acids
B)liquid at room temperature
C)animal origin
D)all of the above
28
Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature.
A)True
B)False
29
After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.
A)many amino acids
B)different types of nucleotides
C)fatty acids and glycerol
D)monosaccharides and disaccharides
30
Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease.
A)True
B)False
31
Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?
A)speed up chemical reactions
B)insulation
C)plasma membrane component
D)long-term energy storage
32
Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.
A)hydrophobic
B)hydrophilic
C)inert
33
_____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.
A)oils
B)steroids waxes
C)phospholipids
34
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids).
A)True
B)False
35
The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.
A)phospholipids
B)waxes
C)fats
D)all of the above
36
The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease.
A)True
B)False
37
Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______.
A)saturated fats
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)cholesterol
38
Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?
A)It is a steroid.
B)It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone.
C)It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings.
D)all of the above
39
Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?
A)temperature
B)pH
C)either A or B
40
The monomers of proteins are _____.
A)amino acids
B)monosaccharides
C)glycerol
D)nucleotides
41
Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?
A)hormones
B)transport proteins
C)enzymes
D)antibodies
42
Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.
A)True
B)False
43
The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.
A)amino group
B)R group
C)carboxyl group
44
When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat.
A)True
B)False
45
The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.
A)primary structure
B)secondary structure
C)tertiary structure
D)quaternary structure
46
All proteins have four levels of structure.
A)True
B)False
47
The bond between two amino acids is ______.
A)formed by hydrolysis
B)an ionic bond
C)nonpolar
D)know as a peptide bond
48
The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____.
A)primary structure
B)secondary structure
C)tertiary structure
D)quaternary structure
49
Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function.
A)True
B)False
50
Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?
A)hormone
B)antibody
C)enzyme
51
DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.
A)True
B)False
52
In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.
A)True
B)False
53
Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?
A)a pentose sugar
B)phosphate
C)peptide bonds
D)a nitrogen-containing base
54
Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.
A)polypeptides
B)nucleic acids
C)polysaccharides
D)lipids
55
ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken.
A)True
B)False
56
The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases.
A)ionic bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)covalent bonds
57
The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.
A)adenosine triphosphate
B)guanine
C)thymine
D)cytosine
58
The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____.
A)ATP
B)RNA
C)DNA
59
DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
60
How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of glucose, C6H12O6?
A)1
B)6
C)12
D)24
61
The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.
A)True
B)False







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