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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid.
A)True
B)False
2
It is easier for animals to obtain oxygen from the water than the air.
A)True
B)False
3
Gas exchange takes place by the physical process of _____.
A)receptor mediated endocytosis
B)active transport
C)diffusion
D)osmosis
4
The area where gas exchange occurs must _____ for diffusion to be effective.
A)be dry
B)have a large surface area
C)be thick
D)all of the above
5
Animals must have a respiratory system in order to perform gas exchange.
A)True
B)False
6
Which of the following has a specialized respiratory system?
A)an earthworm
B)hydra
C)planaria
D)none of the above
7
Respiration obtains oxygen which _____.
A)enters the mitochondria
B)is used to produce ATP during cellular respiration
C)both A and B
8
Gas exchange between air and blood within the lungs is part of _____.
A)internal respiration
B)external respiration
C)breathing
9
A moist surface area is needed for the diffusion of gases.
A)True
B)False
10
The effectiveness of diffusion increases when _____.
A)the blood contains a respiratory pigment like hemoglobin
B)the gas-exchange region is thin
C)there is vascularization
D)all of the above
11
Aquatic animals spend more energy to breathe than do terrestrial animals.
A)True
B)False
12
In hydra, the inner layer of cells exchange gases with the water in the _____.
A)coelom
B)gastrovascular cavity
C)gills
13
Quite often aquatic organisms have _____ which extract oxygen from the water.
A)lungs
B)tracheae
C)gills
D)air sacs
14
Which of the following relies on gills for getting oxygen?
A)clams
B)squid
C)fish
D)all of the above
15
The contercurrent flow of blood across the gills allows a greater amount of oxygen to be extracted from the water.
A)True
B)False
16
With a countercurrent flow as blood gains oxygen, it always encounters water having an even _____ oxygen content.
A)higher
B)lower
17
In bony fish, the gills are protected by the _____.
A)exoskeleton
B)opercula
C)pharynx
D)lamellae
18
The insect circulatory system plays an important role in gas transport.
A)True
B)False
19
Positive pressure is used by _____ to push air into the lungs.
A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
20
An earthworm maintains a moist surface area for gas exchange by _____.
A)remaining in damp soil during the day
B)secreting mucus
C)releasing fluids from excretory pores
D)all of the above
21
A respiratory system known as a tracheal system is seen in _____.
A)spiders
B)birds
C)insects
D)earthworms
22
Reptiles often use their skin as an auxiliary gas-exchange surface.
A)True
B)False
23
Amphibians perform gas exchange with _____.
A)small, saclike lungs
B)their thin moist skin
C)both A and B
24
In mammals, when the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises, _____ occurs.
A)inhalation
B)exhalation
25
In amphibians, reptiles and mammals, fresh oxygen rich air mixes in the lungs with used air.
A)True
B)False
26
In _____, a system of air sacs makes complete ventilation possible.
A)amphibians
B)mammals
C)birds
D)reptiles
27
The incomplete ventilation of mammals _____.
A)helps conserve water
B)increases the efficiency of gas exchange
C)both A and B
28
Animals without a specialized respiratory system _____.
A)are thin and flat
B)have low energy demands
C)must remain moist
D)all of the above
29
The efficiency of respiration in an earthworm is increased by the presence of a circulatory system.
A)True
B)False
30
When rib and diaphragm muscles relax, air is exhaled.
A)True
B)False
31
The structures that comprise the human respiratory system only transport air to and from the lungs.
A)True
B)False
32
The nasal cavities _____ the air.
A)warm
B)filter
C)moisten
D)all of the above
33
The cilia of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the _____, push mucus, dust and bits of food that "went down the wrong way" into the throat.
A)trachea
B)esophagus
C)alveoli
D)larynx
34
The _____ covers the glottis when food is swallowed.
A)uvula
B)soft palate
C)epiglottis
D)Adam's apple
35
The function of the _____ is the production of sound.
A)pharynx
B)larynx
C)trachea
D)alveoli
36
Air and food are both found in the _____.
A)nasal cavities
B)trachea
C)alveoli
D)pharynx
37
The epiglottis ensures food travels down the esophagus and not the trachea.
A)True
B)False
38
The trachea is _____ to the esophagus.
A)ventral
B)dorsal
39
The mixing of food and air in the pharynx _____.
A)allows a greater intake of air during heavy exercise
B)permits you to breathe through your mouth when your nose is plugged up
C)creates the possibility that food will accidentally enter the trachea
D)all of the above
40
The vocal cords are located in the _____.
A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)trachea
41
The larynx is primary composed of _____.
A)skeletal muscle
B)cartilage
C)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D)bone
42
Gas exchange between the air and the lungs takes place in the _____.
A)bronchi
B)alveoli
C)nasal cavities
D)glottis
43
A series of C-shaped cartilage rings is the structure that supports the function of the _____.
A)esophagus
B)trachea
C)pharynx
44
The trachea divides into two primary bronchi which resemble the trachea in structure.
A)True
B)False
45
As air is being exhaled, it moves from the larynx into the _____.
A)bronchi
B)alveoli
C)trachea
D)pharynx
46
The surface area in lungs that is available for gas exchange is large due to the presence of _____.
A)alveoli
B)lamellae
C)villi
D)all of the above
47
When the diaphragm and rib muscles contract _____.
A)the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases
B)air flows into the lungs
C)a positive pressure in the thoracic cavity is created
D)all of the above
48
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases.
A)True
B)False
49
The respiratory center which influences the breathing rate is located in the _____.
A)lungs
B)aorta
C)medulla oblongata
D)cerebrum
50
The hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood are monitored by _____.
A)thermoreceptors
B)photoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)chemoreceptors
51
Chemoreceptors that monitor blood chemistry are found in the _____.
A)aorta
B)carotid arteries
C)both A and B
52
The chemoreceptors are very sensitive to the oxygen concentration in blood.
A)True
B)False
53
As the lungs recoil, expiration occurs.
A)True
B)False
54
The aortic and carotid bodies are very sensitive to changes in _____ concentrations.
A)hydrogen ion
B)carbon dioxide
C)both A and B
55
When rib and diaphragm muscles relax, _____.
A)air is exhaled
B)the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases
C)the pressure inside the thoracic cavity increases
D)all of the above
56
When the concentrations of hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide rise, the respiratory center _____ the breathing rate.
A)increases
B)decreases
57
The capillaries that surround the alveoli branched off of a _____.
A)pulmonary venule
B)coronary artery
C)pulmonary arteriole
D)portal vein
58
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart in _____.
A)a pulmonary vein
B)the superior vena cava
C)the pulmonary trunk
D)none of the above
59
During external respiration in the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood.
A)True
B)False
60
During internal respiration in the tissues, _____.
A)oxygen is actively transported from the blood into the tissues
B)oxygen diffuses from the tissues into the blood
C)carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues into the blood
D)both A and C
61
Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries has a _____ concentration of oxygen than alveolar air.
A)lower
B)higher
62
Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than alveolar air.
A)True
B)False
63
Each molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to _____ molecules of oxygen.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
64
Most of the CO2 is transported in the form of _____.
A)carbaminohemoglobin
B)the bicarbonate ion
C)carbonic anhydrase
D)a dissolved gas
65
Carbon dioxide can bind with hemoglobin and form carbaminohemoglobin.
A)True
B)False
66
In tissues, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and diffuses into the tissue fluid.
A)True
B)False
67
The saturation of hemoglobin is affected by _____.
A)temperature
B)pH
C)the partial pressure
D)all of the above
68
Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is referred to as _____.
A)deoxyhemoglobin
B)oxyhemoglobin
C)carbaminohemoglobin
D)none of the above
69
Reduced hemoglobin plays a vital role in maintain normal _____.
A)blood pH
B)blood glucose
C)body temperature
D)all of the above
70
Carbonic anhydrase _____.
A)is an enzyme in red blood cells
B)slows down the production of the bicarbonate ion
C)both A and B
71
The acid pH and warm temperatures of the tissues promote the _____ of oxygen to/by hemoglobin.
A)attachment
B)release
72
Which combines with hemoglobin the most readily?
A)oxygen
B)hydrogen
C)carbon monoxide
73
Carbon monoxide _____.
A)is found in tobacco smoke
B)comes from the incomplete combustion of natural gas and gasoline
C)prevents hemoglobin from transporting oxygen
D)all of the above
74
Pneumonia is a _____ infection of the lungs.
A)viral
B)bacterial
C)both A or B can be the cause
75
Which of the following is associated with emphysema?
A)persistent hoarseness and inability to talk in an audible voice
B)fluid filled bronchi and alveoli
C)a build up of fibrous connective tissue in the lungs
D)damaged alveoli and decreased surface area for gas exchange
76
Pneumonectomy involves removal of a lobe of or a complete lung
A)True
B)False
77
Exposure to _____ can cause pulmonary fibrosis.
A)the protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)coal dust
D)both A and B
78
Infections of the nose, pharynx, and larynx are known as _____ respiratory tract infections.
A)upper
B)lower
79
Tuberculosis _____.
A)is caused the tubercle bacillus bacterium
B)is diagnosed with a chest x-ray
C)can be treated with antibiotics
D)all of the above
80
Asthma is not curable, but can be treated with inhalers that control bronchial inflammation and the muscle spasms when an attack occurs.
A)True
B)False
81
Lung infections and disorders occur in just as many nonsmokers as they do in smokers.
A)True
B)False







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